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消除金融排斥、促进金融包容是当前发展中国家所面临的共同课题。印度、南非、巴西等与我国“新兴加转轨”国情相似的金砖国家在促进金融包容方面进行了不遗余力的探索,印度对小微金融机构的法律保障、南非在移动货币监管与激励方面的尝试以及巴西的代理银行和直接信贷方面的法治实践都构成了发展中国家通过法治化路径促进金融包容的典型范本。我国应当借鉴这些国家的经验,进一步完善相关法律制度,保障自发形成的民间金融模式和机构正常有序运行,维护新型支付手段和互联网金融的健康发展,对金融机构科以合理的强制性义务,以确保贫困地区和弱势群体都能获取基本金融服务进而获得发展机会。
The elimination of financial exclusion and the promotion of financial inclusion are common issues currently faced by developing countries. The BRICS countries like India, South Africa and Brazil similar to China’s “emerging and transitional countries” have spared no effort to promote financial inclusion, the legal guarantee of small and micro financial institutions in India, and South Africa’s efforts in monitoring and stimulating mobile money As well as the practice of the rule of law in acting banks and direct credit in Brazil constitute the typical model for developing countries to promote financial inclusion through the legalization path. China should learn from the experience of these countries and further improve the relevant laws and systems so as to guarantee the spontaneous formation of non-governmental financial models and institutions in normal and orderly operation, safeguard the new-type payment means and the healthy development of Internet finance, and make reasonable efforts in the financial institutions’ To ensure that poor areas and vulnerable groups have access to basic financial services and development opportunities.