“经济”一词具有几方面的含义。从广义上讲这一概念可以理解为社会生产的所有因素的统一。这些因素包括生产活动方式的多样性、它们的技术和操作方法,劳动组织形式及生产的社会关系。从狭义上讲。指的只是社会经济关系体系。这种体系已经成为一种带有生产过程的社会形式。本文中经济一词将要求后一种意义。我们应当将原始经济理解为原始社会经济关系的体系。 生活必需品和剩余产品概念对于了解原始经济的演变具有重大意义。生活必需品是为了维持原始社会组织成员正常的身体上的需要所绝不可少的社会产品。所有超出这一水平的社 The term “economy” has several meanings. Broadly speaking, this concept can be understood as the unity of all the factors of social production. These factors include the diversity of modes of production, their techniques and methods of operation, the form of labor organization and the social relations of production. In a narrow sense. Refers to only the social economic relations system. This system has become a social form with a production process. The term economy will require the latter meaning in this article. We should understand the primitive economy as the system of primitive socio-economic relations. The concepts of necessities and surplus products are of great importance for understanding the evolution of the primitive economy. The necessities of life are essential social products that are necessary to maintain the normal physical needs of the members of the original society. All beyond this level of community