一人们通常用符号(字、数字)表示或用逻辑公式来探索和描述世界。长期以来,专家们认为人工智能亦应如此。数十年来人工智能研究的核心是:编制程序,建立反映客观世界的符号系统,处理日益复杂的对这些符号的操作问题,力图使机器能模拟人类的思想。新一代机器人的设计者,与其说是让机器模拟人的思维,还不如说是模拟 One often uses symbols (words, numbers) to represent or describe the world in logical formulas. For a long time, experts think artificial intelligence should do the same. At the heart of decades of artificial intelligence research is programming, creating symbolic systems that reflect the objective world, handling the increasingly complex problems of manipulating these symbols, and trying to make the machines mimic human thought. The designers of a new generation of robots, not so much the machine to simulate people's thinking, not so much as a simulation