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本文首先用非径向方向距离函数测算了1998-2012年间中国省级层面能源环境效率,然后以三峡水电工程自然实验,采用双重差分和分位数估计方法,检验水电替代火电对能源环境效率的影响。测算结果表明,中国省级层面能源环境效率总体不高,但处于逐步上升的趋势。进一步研究发现,水电替代火电提高了水电供电省份的能源环境效率,影响渠道主要是通过减少污染排放,却没能节约能源消耗。并且影响大小和渠道与所处能源环境效率水平相关,效率处于低水平时,通过减排渠道提高能源环境效率;效率处于中间水平时,对能源环境效率无显著影响;效率处于高水平时,通过节能和减排两种渠道提高能源环境效率。本文的实证结论在改变样本期、匹配方法和指标后仍然稳健。
In this paper, firstly, the energy efficiency of the provincial level in China from 1998 to 2012 was calculated by using the non-radial directional distance function. Then, based on the natural experiment of the Three Gorges Hydropower Project, double difference and quantile estimation methods were used to test the efficiency of hydropower in replacing energy and environment influences. The calculation results show that the energy efficiency of the provincial level in China is generally not high, but in a gradual upward trend. Further study found that hydropower alternative thermal power increased energy and environmental efficiency of hydropower provinces, mainly through reducing pollution emissions, but failed to save energy consumption. And the impact size and channel are related to the energy and environmental efficiency level of the energy environment where they are located. When the efficiency is low, the energy and environmental efficiency can be improved through emission reduction channels. When the efficiency is at the intermediate level, it has no significant effect on the energy and environmental efficiency. When the efficiency is high, Energy-saving and emission reduction channels to improve energy and environmental efficiency. The empirical results in this paper are still robust after changing the sample period, matching methods and indicators.