中小学校的管理水平大体上可划分为3个层次：（1）前规范管理层次：处在这一管理层次的学校，要么是学校内部管理混乱，中层干部和教师各自为政，校领导的决策难以贯彻落实；要么校长独断专行，以个意志取代规范的管理。这一管理层次的特点是管理不规范，策比较随意，多数决策 The level of management in primary and secondary schools can be roughly divided into three levels: (1) the former normative management level: in the management level of the school, either internal management chaos, middle-level cadres and teachers make their own decisions, school leadership difficult to implement the policy Implementation; or principals arbitrarily, with a will to replace the norms of management. This management level is characterized by non-standard management, policy more arbitrary, the majority of policy-making