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目的分析平山县麻疹的流行病学特征,为今后制定防治措施提供依据。方法对收集的数据采用Excel 2003统计软件进行分析处理,并进行描述性流行病学分析。结果平山县2005-2013年共报告麻疹病例261例,年平均报告发病率为6.09/10万,其中暴发疫情1起,报告病例111例,占病例总数的42.53%。病例主要以学生为主,共138例,占病例总数的52.87%;其次是散居儿童,共74例,占28.35%。病例中有14.94%的病例有明确的麻疹疫苗免疫史,44.83%的病例有麻疹病例直接接触史,7.28%的病例周围有麻疹病例。结论平山县计划免疫工作发展不平衡,部分地区存在薄弱环节,存在免疫空白。麻疹监测体系灵敏度不高。提高麻疹类疫苗基础免疫和免疫接种覆盖率,开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫和查漏补种是有效控制和消除麻疹的主要措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Pingshan County and provide the basis for future prevention and treatment measures. Methods The collected data were analyzed by Excel 2003 statistical software and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 261 cases of measles were reported from 2005 to 2013 in Pingshan County. The average annual incidence was 6.09 / 100 000, of which 1 outbreak was reported and 111 cases were reported, accounting for 42.53% of the total cases. The main cases were students, a total of 138 cases, accounting for 52.87% of the total number of cases; followed by scattered children, a total of 74 cases, accounting for 28.35%. In 14.94% of cases, there was a clear history of measles vaccine immunization, 44.83% of cases had direct contact with measles cases, and 7.28% of cases had measles cases around. Conclusion The planned immunization work in Pingshan County is undergoing an unbalanced development. There are weak links in some areas and immunization gaps exist. Measles monitoring system sensitivity is not high. To improve the coverage of basic and measles vaccines and immunization coverage, carry out measles vaccine immunization and leak detection replanting is the main measure to effectively control and eliminate measles.