引言“有犯罪必有被害,有被害必有救济。”这是一句古老的法律格言。遭受犯罪侵害的被害人,对于司法救济的期盼无非两个:一是通过诉讼程序使被告人得到应有的刑罚;二是通过诉讼程序得到精神和物质上的赔偿,使其伤害降到最低程度。如果一种诉讼制度仅仅注重通过对被告人的惩罚来维持国家 INTRODUCTION “It is an ancient legal aphorism that there must be a crime if there is a crime, and there must be a remedy if the victim is murdered.” Victims of crime inflicted no more than two expectations on judicial relief: First, the accused should be punished through litigation; second, mental and material compensation should be obtained through legal proceedings to minimize their injury . If a litigation system only focuses on maintaining the state by punishing defendants