有机胺萃取法制备碳酸钾的研究

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有机胺萃取法生产碳酸钾是上世纪七十年代以来国外发展的一条新工艺路线,与现有生产工艺相比,具有钾利用率高,工艺流程简单,能耗少、成本低等优点。本文采用低毒的高沸点胺代替低沸点胺,研究了有机胺和稀释剂的种类、相比、稀释比、搅拌转速、温度等实验条件对萃取转化率的影响。实验结果表明,以三丁胺为萃取剂,正丁醇为稀释剂,相比在3~3.6的条件下,氯化钾的一次转化率较高。萃取了盐酸的有机胺用浓氨水再生,再生后的有机胺可以循环使用。根据萃取碳化反应过程中盐酸在有机相和盐水相中的平衡关系曲线,计算得出萃取过程的理论级数为2~3级,设计并制作出可连续操作的带机械搅拌的两级立式萃取器。研究了萃取器的停留时间分布、持液量、多釜串联模型参数等流体力学性能,以及反应器的萃取性能,并模拟工业生产进行了连续试验。
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