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近年来情态动词must, can / could和may / might在全国各地的高考试题中频频出现。它们的用法看似简单，但在实际的用法上不同的语境又有些变化，本文就从近年来的全国各地的高考试题中选出一些例题来给予具体的解析。
1. There’s no light on—they_______ be at home. (2006全国卷Ⅰ)
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
解析： 答案为A。本题考查的是情态动词表推测。情态动词表推测时，一般说来，must用于肯定句，can用于否定和疑问句。可能有些同学因没有记住相关细节而误选B或C、D，mustn’t意为“千万不要”，needn’t意为“不必”，shouldn’t意为“不应该”（表责任和义务）。
2. We hope that as many people as possible_______join us for the picnic tomorrow. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. can
解析： 答案为D。本题仅仅考查can最普通最基础的方面，即“能，会”之意。
3. —Is Jack on duty today?
—It_______be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. (2006四川卷)
A. mustn’t
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. needn’t
解析： 答案为C。本题考查的是情态动词表推测。根据题意，回答应该是“不可能是他的”。在情态动词表推测时，must不能用于否定句。B项won’t不能表示否定推测。D项的含义不对。
4. If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006福建卷)
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. can’t
D. might not
解析： 答案为C。本题考查的是时态及情态动词的用法。the fact与后面的that she can’t sing构成了同位语从句，描写主语的特征、能力、性格，故用一般现在时。本题易误选A。
4. Some aspects of a pilot’s job_______be boring, and pilots often_______work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南卷)
A. can; have to
B. may; can
C. have to; may
D. ought to; must
解析： 答案为A。本题考查的是情态动词的用法。can“可能”，表推测；have to“不得不”（客观）。根据句意前一空可选择can/ may表示可能性，后一空表示有时因为客观条件的影响，他们不得不那样工作（at inconvenient hours）。本题易错选B。
5. —Must he come to sign this paper himself?
—Yes, he_______ . (2006广东卷)
A. need
B. must
C. may
D. will
解析： 答案为B。must的肯定回答也是must，表示“必须”。一些常见的情态动词的肯定和否定回答应熟悉。常见的有： may, should, can, need和must。
may回答有：“Yes, I may”；“No, I can’t”；“No, I mayn’t”。
should回答有：“Yes, I should”；“No, I shouldn’t”。
can回答有：“Yes, I can”；“No, I can’t”。
need回答有：“Yes, I need”；“No, I needn’t”。
must回答有：“Yes, I must”；“No, I can’t”；“No, I needn’t”。
本题若不注意语气上的区别，易误选C。
6. —Could I have a word with you, mum?
—Oh dear, if you_______ . (2006浙江卷)
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. should
解析： 答案为B。Can表示“可以”；must表示“必须”；may表示“可以”；should表示“应该”。根据题意“你必须要说的话。”，故选B。
7. —May I smoke here ?
—If you_______ , choose a seat in the smoking section. (2006山东卷)
A. should
B. could
C. may
D. must
解析： 答案为D。must表示“必须”，本题意思是：如果你必须抽的话，……。
8. Black holes_______not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. (2006上海卷)
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. need
解析： 答案为A。黑洞不能被直接看见，表示“可能性”，用can / could，故选A。
9． The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called World Wide Wait because it_______be very slow. （2005浙江卷）
A. should B. must C. will D. can
解析： 答案为D。“can”在这意为“有时会”， 表示“理论或事实上的可能性”。
10． Helen_______go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005安徽卷）
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
解析： 答案为C 。根据“she isn’t quite sure yet.”可知。
巩固练习
1． —Could I borrow your dictionary.
—Yes, of course you_______ . (MNET 92)
A. might B. will C. can D. should
2. —Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry,_______ . My brother is coming to see me. (NMET 99)
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
3. —Could I call you by your first name?
—Yes,you_______ . (上海98)
A. will B. could C. may D. might
4. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he_______not.He likes driving his car. (NMET 2000)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
5. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I_______go to the concer instead. (NMET 2000)
A. mustB. wouldC. should D. might
6. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How_______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(上海2001春)
A. can B. shouldC. mayD. must
7. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins._______I have a look?
—Yes, certainly. (北京2002春)
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
8. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock._______I go out and play with Tom for a while?
—No,I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. (辽宁2004)
A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t
C. May not D. Won’t
9. A left-luggage office is a place where bags_______be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(NMET 2003)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
10. I_______pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (浙江2004)
A. should B. might C. would D. could
11. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorrry, I am not sure.But it_______be. (湖北2004)
A. might B. will C. must D. can
12. You_______be tired—you’ve only been working for an hour. (2004全国Ⅱ)
A. must not B. won’t
C. can’t D. may not
13. —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It_______Harry’s. He always wears green. (广东2005)
A. has to be B. will be
C. mustn’t be D. could be
14． Tom, you_______leave all your clothes on the floor like this! （2005全国卷Ⅱ）
A． wouldn’t B． mustn’t
C． needn’t D． may not
15． You know he is not going to let us leave early if we_______get the work done. (2006上海春季)
A. can’t B. may not
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
Keys： 1. C2. B3. C4. D5. D6. A7. B8. A9. B10. B11. A12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
1. There’s no light on—they_______ be at home. (2006全国卷Ⅰ)
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
解析： 答案为A。本题考查的是情态动词表推测。情态动词表推测时，一般说来，must用于肯定句，can用于否定和疑问句。可能有些同学因没有记住相关细节而误选B或C、D，mustn’t意为“千万不要”，needn’t意为“不必”，shouldn’t意为“不应该”（表责任和义务）。
2. We hope that as many people as possible_______join us for the picnic tomorrow. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. can
解析： 答案为D。本题仅仅考查can最普通最基础的方面，即“能，会”之意。
3. —Is Jack on duty today?
—It_______be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. (2006四川卷)
A. mustn’t
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. needn’t
解析： 答案为C。本题考查的是情态动词表推测。根据题意，回答应该是“不可能是他的”。在情态动词表推测时，must不能用于否定句。B项won’t不能表示否定推测。D项的含义不对。
4. If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006福建卷)
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. can’t
D. might not
解析： 答案为C。本题考查的是时态及情态动词的用法。the fact与后面的that she can’t sing构成了同位语从句，描写主语的特征、能力、性格，故用一般现在时。本题易误选A。
4. Some aspects of a pilot’s job_______be boring, and pilots often_______work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南卷)
A. can; have to
B. may; can
C. have to; may
D. ought to; must
解析： 答案为A。本题考查的是情态动词的用法。can“可能”，表推测；have to“不得不”（客观）。根据句意前一空可选择can/ may表示可能性，后一空表示有时因为客观条件的影响，他们不得不那样工作（at inconvenient hours）。本题易错选B。
5. —Must he come to sign this paper himself?
—Yes, he_______ . (2006广东卷)
A. need
B. must
C. may
D. will
解析： 答案为B。must的肯定回答也是must，表示“必须”。一些常见的情态动词的肯定和否定回答应熟悉。常见的有： may, should, can, need和must。
may回答有：“Yes, I may”；“No, I can’t”；“No, I mayn’t”。
should回答有：“Yes, I should”；“No, I shouldn’t”。
can回答有：“Yes, I can”；“No, I can’t”。
need回答有：“Yes, I need”；“No, I needn’t”。
must回答有：“Yes, I must”；“No, I can’t”；“No, I needn’t”。
本题若不注意语气上的区别，易误选C。
6. —Could I have a word with you, mum?
—Oh dear, if you_______ . (2006浙江卷)
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. should
解析： 答案为B。Can表示“可以”；must表示“必须”；may表示“可以”；should表示“应该”。根据题意“你必须要说的话。”，故选B。
7. —May I smoke here ?
—If you_______ , choose a seat in the smoking section. (2006山东卷)
A. should
B. could
C. may
D. must
解析： 答案为D。must表示“必须”，本题意思是：如果你必须抽的话，……。
8. Black holes_______not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. (2006上海卷)
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. need
解析： 答案为A。黑洞不能被直接看见，表示“可能性”，用can / could，故选A。
9． The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called World Wide Wait because it_______be very slow. （2005浙江卷）
A. should B. must C. will D. can
解析： 答案为D。“can”在这意为“有时会”， 表示“理论或事实上的可能性”。
10． Helen_______go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005安徽卷）
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
解析： 答案为C 。根据“she isn’t quite sure yet.”可知。
巩固练习
1． —Could I borrow your dictionary.
—Yes, of course you_______ . (MNET 92)
A. might B. will C. can D. should
2. —Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry,_______ . My brother is coming to see me. (NMET 99)
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
3. —Could I call you by your first name?
—Yes,you_______ . (上海98)
A. will B. could C. may D. might
4. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he_______not.He likes driving his car. (NMET 2000)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
5. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I_______go to the concer instead. (NMET 2000)
A. mustB. wouldC. should D. might
6. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How_______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(上海2001春)
A. can B. shouldC. mayD. must
7. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins._______I have a look?
—Yes, certainly. (北京2002春)
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
8. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock._______I go out and play with Tom for a while?
—No,I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. (辽宁2004)
A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t
C. May not D. Won’t
9. A left-luggage office is a place where bags_______be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(NMET 2003)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
10. I_______pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (浙江2004)
A. should B. might C. would D. could
11. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorrry, I am not sure.But it_______be. (湖北2004)
A. might B. will C. must D. can
12. You_______be tired—you’ve only been working for an hour. (2004全国Ⅱ)
A. must not B. won’t
C. can’t D. may not
13. —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It_______Harry’s. He always wears green. (广东2005)
A. has to be B. will be
C. mustn’t be D. could be
14． Tom, you_______leave all your clothes on the floor like this! （2005全国卷Ⅱ）
A． wouldn’t B． mustn’t
C． needn’t D． may not
15． You know he is not going to let us leave early if we_______get the work done. (2006上海春季)
A. can’t B. may not
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
Keys： 1. C2. B3. C4. D5. D6. A7. B8. A9. B10. B11. A12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A