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目的分析药物不良反应的特点及引起不良反应的主要药物。方法选择2016年4月-2017年3月所发生的药物不良反应报告253例,回顾性分析不良反应的给药途径、药物分类及构成比、不良反应所累及的系统与器官、临床表现及具体药物。结果在药物不良反应的给药途径分布情况中,静脉滴注与口服给药所占的比例最高,分别为73.91%与16.20%。抗感染类药物所引起的不良反应所占比例最高占50.98%。药物不良反应所累及的系统及器官中皮肤及其附属器所占的比例最高为53.36%。所有发生药物不良反应的患者中无死亡病例,对原发疾病无明显影响226例占89.33%,延长病程27例占10.67%。患者自愈或经对症处理后痊愈219例占86.56%,经对症处理后明显好转34例占13.44%。结论药物不良反应事件中与抗感染药物及中成药制剂相关的较多,在临床用药时应严格把握适应证,做到合理用药。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions and the main drugs that cause adverse reactions. Methods A total of 253 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported from April 2016 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The route of adverse drug reactions, drug classification and composition ratio, systemic and organ involved in adverse reactions, clinical manifestations and specific drug. Results In the distribution of adverse drug reactions, the highest proportion of intravenous drip and oral administration were 73.91% and 16.20% respectively. Anti-infective drugs caused by the proportion of adverse reactions accounted for the highest 50.98%. Adverse drug reactions involving the system and organs in the skin and its appendages accounted for the highest proportion of 53.36%. No deaths were found in all patients with adverse drug reactions, no significant effect on the primary disease in 226 cases accounted for 89.33%, prolonged course of 27 cases accounted for 10.67%. 219 cases (86.56%) recovered after symptomatic treatment or self-healing or symptomatic treatment, and 34 cases (13.44%) improved significantly after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There are more related to adverse drug reactions and anti-infective drugs and proprietary Chinese medicine preparations, should be strictly controlled indications in clinical medication, so that rational use of drugs.