胰岛素自发现以来,一直采用注射给药的方式,由于胰岛素是由牛、猪胰脏提取出来的一种蛋白质,因此当纯度不高时,就可产生过敏性休克。同时在同一部位经常注射,还可产生皮下脂肪萎缩症。现虽已可由病人自我注射,较前方便了许多,但仍不能免除疼痛。因此,对胰岛素有必要在注射剂以外开发简便、无痛且药效确实的其它剂型。至今已进行了口服、经直肠、支气管、口腔粘膜、鼻粘膜、皮肤及眼等各种给药方式的尝试,其中以直肠及鼻粘膜给药,在实用上最有希望。 Insulin since the discovery, has been using the way of injection, because insulin is a protein extracted from cattle, pig pancreas, so when the purity is not high, can produce anaphylactic shock. At the same time regular injection in the same place, but also produce subcutaneous fat atrophy. Although it has been self-injection by the patient, a lot easier than before, but still can not be relieved of pain. Therefore, it is necessary for insulin to develop other dosage forms which are simple, painless and effective without injection. Attempts have been made so far on oral, transrectal, transbronchial, oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, skin and eye administration, among which rectal and nasal mucosal administration are most promising.