一、引言提出存在控制造血因子的假设已有数十年之久。红细胞生成素最初由Carnot和Defandrep在1906年命名为促红细胞生成素(hemopoeitine),终于1977年从贫血患者的尿中提出纯品。六十年代,Metcalfe等发展了鼠骨髓细胞半固体培养技术,从而使巨核细胞、嗜曙红细胞和红细胞系细胞以及多潜能祖细胞能进行克隆生长。当时就已认识到,这些细胞在体外的生存和增殖依赖于一族糖蛋白的特异性刺激。到1986年,分离出4种专一性的糖蛋白,即G-CSF,GM-CSF,IL-3和M-CSF。然而,关于这些因子在体内的重要性仍有争议。 I. INTRODUCTION The hypothesis of controlling hematopoiesis has been proposed for decades. Erythropoietin was originally named as hemopoeitine by Carnot and Defandrep in 1906 and was finally proposed as a pure product from the urine of anemic patients in 1977. In the 1960s, Metcalfe et al. Developed a murine bone marrow cell semi-solid culture technique that enables clonal growth of megakaryocytes, eosinophils and erythroid cells, and multipotent progenitor cells. It was recognized at that time that the survival and proliferation of these cells in vitro depended on the specific stimulation of a family of glycoproteins. By 1986, four specific glycoproteins, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3 and M-CSF, were isolated. However, the importance of these factors in the body remains controversial.