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目的分析经广东出入境检验检疫局所辖旅检口岸(简称广东口岸)入境输入性疟疾患者的流行病学特征,研究其罹患因素,探讨如何完善口岸疟疾防控措施。方法对2010-2011年间在广东口岸发现的输入性疟疾患者进行流行病学分析,并针对其主要特征探讨相应的防控措施。结果 2010-2011年广东口岸共发现40名输入性疟疾病例(其中37名为恶性疟,3名为间日疟);非洲地区是主要的输入性疟疾疫情疫源地;中国籍赴非洲归国劳务人员成为最主要的输入性疟疾病例来源;绝大多数输入性疟疾患者均乘坐飞机入境;入境时间主要为2010年6～9月和2010年11月～2011年2月;入境时主要症状为头痛、畏寒、眼结膜充血、咽部充血;主要罹患因素包括广泛存在的疟疾疫情、恶劣的环境、蚊虫叮咬、患者缺乏疟疾自我防护常识等。结论全球多个地区尤其是非洲地区疟疾疫情形势仍然严峻,在外生活时间较长的赴外归国劳务人员等较易感染疟疾,加之我国境内疟疾传播媒介孳生,易感者数量庞大,高发的输入性疟疾疫情对我国的威胁巨大,检验检疫、卫生、商务、外事、劳务等部门应通力合作,采取积极主动的境外控制和境内监管措施,以达到保护人民身体健康、阻断疫情跨境传播,最终在中国消除疟疾的目标。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria patients entering the country under the jurisdiction of the Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China (the “Guangdong Port”), study the factors that affect them, and explore ways to improve malaria prevention and control measures at the port. Methods The epidemiological analysis of imported malaria patients in Guangdong port during 2010-2011 was conducted and the corresponding prevention and control measures were discussed according to their main characteristics. Results A total of 40 cases of imported malaria (37 of them were Plasmodium falciparum and 3 of Plasmodium vivax) were found in Guangdong port from 2010 to 2011. Africa was the main source of imported malaria epidemic. The labor force has become the most important source of imported malaria cases. The vast majority of imported malaria patients have entered the country by air. The time of arrival mainly ranges from June to September 2010 and from November 2010 to February 2011. The main symptoms of entry are Headache, chills, conjunctival hyperemia and pharyngeal hyperemia. The major causes of the disease include widespread malaria epidemics, harsh environments, mosquito bites and lack of malarial self-protection knowledge among patients. Conclusion The situation of malaria in many parts of the world, especially in Africa, is still grim. Malaria workers returning home abroad who live longer abroad are more likely to be infected with malaria. Coupled with the malaria transmission media in our country, the number of susceptible persons is large and high. The malaria epidemic situation is a tremendous threat to our country. Inspection, quarantine, health, commerce, foreign affairs and labor services departments should work together to take proactive measures to control foreign affairs and domestic regulatory measures so as to protect people’s health, stop the spread of the epidemic across borders, The ultimate goal of eliminating malaria in China.