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目的:了解安徽省汉族女生月经初潮年龄变化情况及不同经济状况地区月经初潮年龄的差异并进一步分析月经初潮年龄与肥胖度的关系。方法:按照2010年全国中小学生体质调研的相关要求,采用分层随机抽样和随机整群抽样方法对安徽省南、北、中3个地区的城乡7～18岁中小学女生共6 840人进行调查,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围及腹部、上臂、肩胛下皮褶厚度等指标,并对她们是否有月经初潮进行了问卷调查。结果:安徽省汉族女生半数月经初潮平均年龄为12.44岁,与往年相比呈现提前趋势。城乡女生半数月经初潮平均年龄分别为12.39及12.49岁。体质指数、腰高比及3个部位皮下脂肪厚度等指标的均值来潮组均大于未来潮组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:月经初潮年龄与体脂因素关系密切,呈现负相关;应该提前加强中小学生的性教育及让中小学生加强锻炼、控制饮食,减缓月经初潮年龄提前的长期趋势。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes of menarche age in Anhui girls and the age of menarche in different economic regions, and to further analyze the relationship between menarche age and obesity. Methods: According to the requirements of 2010 National Primary and Secondary School Students Physical Fitness Survey, stratified random sampling and random cluster sampling method were used to measure 6808 girls from 7 to 18 years old in primary and secondary schools in the south, north and middle of Anhui Province Survey, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and abdomen, upper arm, subscapular skinfold thickness and other indicators, and whether they have menarche questionnaires. Results: Half of the Han women in Anhui Province had an average age of 12.44 years old, showing an early trend compared with previous years. Half of urban and rural girls, the average age of menarche were 12.39 and 12.49 years old. Body mass index, waist height ratio and subcutaneous fat thickness at three sites and other indicators of the mean climatic group were greater than the future tide group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions: The age of menarche is closely related to the body fat factor, showing a negative correlation. Sex education of primary and secondary school students should be strengthened and exercise should be strengthened for primary and middle school students in order to control diet and reduce the long-term trend of menarche age.