1908年Nichmin首先报告了家族性红细胞增多的病例。1958年Mc Frazean等,初次发表原发性肝癌患者中约10%的病例有红细胞增多。迄今二者各仅报道数十例。1974年我院发现1家庭8个成员中有兄弟2人先后出现红细胞增多症,其兄在治疗4年后并发原发性肝癌。现将2例作一简要报道。 In 1908 Nichmin first reported the case of familial erythrocytosis. 1958 Mc Frazean et al., First published in about 10% of patients with primary liver cancer cases of erythrocytosis. So far both reported only dozens of cases. In 1974, our hospital found that there were 1 member of 8 families in the family and 2 of them had polycythemia. His brother had primary hepatocellular carcinoma after 4 years of treatment. Now 2 cases for a brief report.