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目的了解河南省安阳市13所院校结核病防治现状、存在的问题和影响因素,探索学校结核病防治策略,为提高学校结核病患者的发现、管理及有效控制提供科学依据。方法通过访谈、查阅资料、现场查看等方法,收集安阳市区所有的高中及中专以上院校的结核病防治现状调查表资料,并运用流行病学描述的方法进行资料分析;在校园内使用偶遇法,分别从13所学校各选出10名学生进行结核病知识问卷调查,运用Epi info 3.5.1软件进行分析,相关定性资料组间比较采用χ2检验。学生肺结核疫情资料从结核病管理信息专报系统中获得。结果 130名学生的结核病预防知识问卷情况中核心信息(肺结核主要症状,传播途径)总知晓率为88.46%;学生行为习惯中不随地吐痰占84.62%,打喷嚏有防护动作占98.46%,注重饮食习惯占8.46%,注重锻炼身体占30.77%,中专以上院校有锻炼身体意识的学生比例大于高中,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.81,P=0.03);35.40%学生对肺结核病有恐惧心理,男女认知差异无统计学意义。结论需要科学制定学生的结核病体检规定,深入研究学校结核病的影响因素,加强学校的医务室及校医配置,优化住宿环境,监管学校餐厅,丰富和加强学校结核病健康教育。
Objective To understand the status quo, existing problems and influencing factors of tuberculosis prevention and control in 13 universities and colleges in Anyang, Henan Province, and to explore strategies for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in schools in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the discovery, management and effective control of tuberculosis patients in schools. Methods Interviews, access to information, on-site inspection and other methods to collect all high school and secondary technical secondary school in Anyang tuberculosis prevention and control of the current situation questionnaire information and use of epidemiological description of the data analysis; the use of occasional encounter in the campus Method, 10 students from each of 13 schools were selected to conduct a questionnaire on knowledge of tuberculosis. Epi info 3.5.1 software was used to analyze the data. Chi-square test was used to compare the qualitative data. Student TB information was obtained from the TB management information system. Results The total awareness rate of core information (major symptoms and transmission routes of tuberculosis) of 130 students was 88.46% in the questionnaire of tuberculosis prevention knowledge, 84.62% in spite of no behavior in students’ behavior, and 98.46% in sneezing. Eating habits accounted for 8.46%, focusing on exercise accounted for 30.77%, secondary vocational college physical exercise awareness of students than in high school, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.81, P = 0.03); 35.40% of students have tuberculosis Fear, no significant difference between male and female cognitive. Conclusion It is necessary to scientifically formulate the medical check-ups for tuberculosis among students, to study in depth the influencing factors of tuberculosis in schools, to strengthen the school’s infirmary and school setting, to optimize the accommodation environment, to supervise the school restaurant, and to enrich and strengthen the school’s tuberculosis health education.