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高中物理课本上测定玻璃的折射率的实验方法有些缺陷。其一,许多学生无法用手直接将大头针插上桌子,给实验带来麻烦;其二,由于大头针插入时又不易准确保持竖直,因此,要使第四枚大头针挡住玻璃砖另一侧两枚大头针的像及第三枚大头针身是不容易达到的;其三,本实验方法还需具备量角器和三角函数表。为了解决这些缺陷,我对该实验的方法作了改进,现介绍如下。
The experimental method of measuring the refractive index of glass in high school physics textbooks has some defects. First, many students cannot insert pins directly into the table by hand, causing troubles for the experiment. Second, since the pins are difficult to accurately maintain when they are inserted vertically, the fourth pin should block the other side of the glass block. The pin image and the third pin body are not easy to reach. Third, this experiment method also requires a protractor and a trigonometric function table. In order to address these deficiencies, I have improved the method of the experiment and are presented below.