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为了探明稻草覆盖、生态拦截(指在玉米地块边缘厢边种植大豆,下同)对春玉米生长发育及产量的影响,于2014年在湖南农业大学浏阳长期定位试验基地设置了不施肥(T1)、施化肥(T2)、施化肥+稻草覆盖(T3)、施化肥+生态拦截(T4)、施化肥+稻草覆盖+生态拦截(T5)5个试验处理,分析测试了棒三叶的SPAD值与光合特性以及玉米的养分累积、产量指标。结果表明,在施化肥的基础上,稻草覆盖、生态拦截能显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的提高春玉米叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和降低胞间CO2浓度,可使蒸腾速率降低但差异不显著(P>0.05);也能显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的增加春玉米地上部氮磷钾养分的累积量以及穗鲜重、茎叶鲜重、地上部总鲜重、穗粒数、百粒重、籽粒产量。其中以稻草覆盖+生态拦截处理(T5)的影响效果最明显,各指标与单纯施化肥处理(T2)之间的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),氮、磷、钾养分累积量分别增加了28.83%、54.67%、17.67%,地上部总鲜重增加了24.94%,籽粒产量提高了28.13%;与单一的稻草覆盖(T3)相比,除胞间CO2浓度(P>0.05)、蒸腾速率(P<0.05)、籽粒产量(P<0.05)以外,其余指标差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);与单一的生态拦截(T4)相比,净光光合速率、气孔导度、磷钾累积量、地上部总鲜重、穗粒数、百粒重差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),蒸腾速率、氮累积量、穗鲜重差异显著(P<0.05),但叶绿素含量、胞间CO2浓度、茎叶鲜重、籽粒产量没有表现出明显差异(P>0.05);而生态拦截(T4)与稻草覆盖(T3)相比,除叶绿素含量、茎叶鲜重、总鲜重(P<0.05)和钾累积量(P<0.01)以外,其余指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。这说明稻草覆盖、生态拦截可促进春玉米的生长发育和养分累积,进而提高产量,且两者共同作用的效果更明显;从整体上看,生态拦截的影响效果好于稻草覆盖。
In order to find out the effects of straw cover and ecological interception (referring to planting soybeans on the edges of corn plots, the same below) on the growth and yield of spring maize, a fertilization experiment was conducted in 2014 in Liuyang Long-Term Experiment Base of Hunan Agricultural University Five treatments, T1, T2, T2 + T3 + chemical fertilizer + T4 + chemical fertilizer + straw + ecological interception (T5) SPAD value and photosynthetic characteristics and corn nutrient accumulation, yield indicators. The results showed that straw cover and ecological interception could significantly (P <0.05) or significantly (P <0.01) improve the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, (P <0.05) or significantly (P <0.01) increased the accumulation of N, P and K nutrients in aboveground parts of spring maize, as well as the spikelets Fresh weight of stems and leaves, total fresh weight of shoots, grains per spike, weight of 100 grains, grain yield. Among them, the effect of straw mulching + ecological interception (T5) was the most obvious, and the difference between each index and chemical fertilizer treatment (T2) reached the extremely significant level (P <0.01) Increased by 28.83%, 54.67% and 17.67% respectively, the total fresh weight of shoots increased by 24.94% and the grain yield increased by 28.13%. Compared with single straw cover (T3), the intercellular CO2 concentration (P> 0.05) (P <0.01), transpiration rate (P <0.05) and grain yield (P <0.05). Compared with the single ecological interception (T4), the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (P <0.01), transpiration rate, nitrogen accumulation and weight per spike were significantly different (P <0.05), but the difference was significant (P <0.05) Chlorophyll content, intercellular CO2 concentration, fresh weight of stems and leaves, and grain yield did not show significant difference (P> 0.05). Compared with straw covering (T3), ecological interception (T4) Total fresh weight (P <0.05) and potassium accumulation (P <0.01), the other indexes had no significant difference (P> 0.05). This shows that straw coverage and ecological interception can promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of spring maize and then increase the yield, and the effect of the two is more obvious. On the whole, the effect of ecological interception is better than that of straw coverage.