美国当代文艺批评家阿伯拉姆斯在详细地考察了自古希腊至今的欧洲文艺的历史之后,指出文学涉及四个要素:作品、作者、宇宙和读者。认为全部文艺理论都逃不出这四种要素的制约。各个国家不同的文艺理论体系的形成,是由于不同民族各自的审美角度不同,侧重点不同所导致的。 After a detailed review of the history of European literature and art since ancient Greece, the American contemporary literary critic Abrams pointed out that literature involves four elements: works, authors, universes and readers. That all literary theory can not escape the constraints of these four elements. The formation of different theoretical systems of literature and art in various countries is due to the different aesthetic perspectives and different focuses of different ethnic groups.