一、前言保护儿童是公民义不容辞的责任,关心和爱护孤儿更需要全社会参与。中国政府十分重视孤儿的救助工作,近年来又制定了一系列法规,对他们的利益给予了法律上的保护;在解决孤儿的收养问题上做了很多工作,主要采取以国家办儿童福利机构集中供养为主,辅助以家庭分散供养的方式。中国各级政府相继建立了160多所儿童福利院,共收养孤儿4万多名,难以容纳更多的孤儿,致使不少孤儿不能得到及时的救助。这样,家庭助养方式已越来越得到人们的关注。此外,这些孤儿从小就受到严重的身心创伤,缺少父母的关爱和家庭的温暖,更需要有一 I. Preface Protecting children is the bounden duty of citizens. Care for and care of orphans requires the participation of the whole society. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the orphan’s aid work and in recent years has formulated a series of laws and regulations that give legal protection to their interests. Much has been done in resolving orphans’ adoption, mainly focusing on the state-run child welfare agencies Mainly support, supporting the family to support the decentralized way. More than 160 children’s welfare institutes have been set up successively by Chinese government at various levels, which have adopted more than 40,000 orphans and made it hard to accommodate more orphans, resulting in many orphans being denied timely assistance. In this way, family support methods have been getting more and more attention. In addition, these orphans suffered severe psychological and physical traumas from an early age, lacking the care of their parents and the warmth of their families.