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以板块构造理论和石油地质学理论为基础,通过分析西非海岸盆地的形成和演化,结合西非深水区油气勘探现状和深水油气藏研究结果,总结了西非深水区油气地质特征,并探讨了深水区油气勘探前景。西非海岸盆地的形成演化可以分为前裂谷、裂谷和后裂谷3个阶段。受盆地形成演化的控制,西非海岸盆地烃源岩主要包括裂谷阶段下白垩统湖相烃源岩、后裂谷阶段上白垩统海相烃源岩和古近系——新近系海相烃源岩3套;深水区储层以后裂谷阶段上白垩统和古近系——新近系深水浊积砂岩为主;主要圈闭类型为构造-地层或构造-岩性圈闭,其次为构造圈闭和地层-岩性圈闭。西非海岸盆地中以下刚果盆地和尼日尔三角洲深水区勘探前景最好,其次是科特迪瓦盆地、贝宁盆地和塞内加尔盆地深水区,杜阿拉盆地和里奥穆尼盆地深水区有一定的勘探潜力,宽扎盆地深水区目前勘探风险较大。
Based on the theory of plate tectonics and petroleum geology, by analyzing the formation and evolution of the West African coast basin, combined with the current status of oil and gas exploration in the deep-water west of Africa and the research results of deep-water reservoirs, the geological characteristics of oil and gas in the deep-water West Africa are summarized. Oil and gas exploration prospects. The formation and evolution of the West African coast basin can be divided into three stages: pre-rift, rift and post-rift. Under the control of the formation and evolution of the basin, the source rocks in the West African coast basin mainly include Cretaceous lacustrine source rocks in the rift stage, Upper Cretaceous marine source rocks in the post-rift stage and Paleogene-Neogene marine hydrocarbons Three sets of source rocks, the Cretaceous and Paleogene-Neogene deep-water turbidite sandstones in the later rift stage of deep-water reservoirs, and the main trap types are tectonic-stratigraphic or structural-lithologic traps, followed by tectonics Traps and formations - lithologic traps. The prospects of the deep water areas of the following Congo Basin and the Niger Delta are the best in the West African coast basin, followed by the deep water areas of the Côte d’Ivoire basin, the Benin basin and the Senegal basin, the exploration potential in the deep-water area of the Douala basin and the Rio’Omoni basin, Basin deepwater current exploration risk is larger.