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目的分析白河县传染病的流行特征,探讨传染病的预防与控制措施。方法利用《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》,导出2008~2012年报告的法定传染病的相关信息并建立数据库,分析白河县传染病的流行特征。结果 (1)白河县累计报告乙、丙两类传染病4520例,年均发病例数为904例,2008年报告传染病数量最少为728例,2012年报告传染病数量最多为1199例;(2)依据传播途径进行分类,位于前三位的传播途径是呼吸道感染途径、胃肠道感染途径及其他传染途径,构成比分别为26.92%、21.75%及24.05%;(3)从整体看,0~19岁年龄组累积报告传染病最多为1156例,80岁以年龄组累积报告传染病最少为614例;(4)肺结核、手足口病及病毒性肝炎是白河县的主要传染病,分别占报告病例数的20.40%、20.07%及18.92%。结论白河县传染病发病率较高且呈现出逐年上升的变化趋势,政府应该对发病率较高的传染病进行重点预防与控制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in Baihe County and to explore the prevention and control measures of infectious diseases. Methods Using the “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”, the relevant information of the legal infectious diseases reported in 2008-2012 was derived and a database was established to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in Baihe County. Results (1) There were 4520 B and C infectious diseases reported in Baihe County, with an average annual incidence of 904 cases. In 2008, the number of reported infectious diseases was a minimum of 728 cases, and the number of reported infectious diseases in 2012 was up to 1199 cases. ( 2) According to the route of transmission, the top three routes of transmission were respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal tract infection and other routes of infection, with constituent ratios of 26.92%, 21.75% and 24.05%, respectively; (3) The cumulative reports of infectious diseases in 0 ~ 19 age group were up to 1156 cases, and the cumulative reported infectious diseases in age group of 80 years old were at least 614 cases. (4) Tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth disease and viral hepatitis were the major infectious diseases in Baihe County, Accounting for 20.40%, 20.07% and 18.92% of the reported cases respectively. Conclusion The incidence of infectious diseases in Baihe County is relatively high and shows a trend of increasing year by year. The government should focus on the prevention and control of infectious diseases with high incidence.