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摘 要：中小型水电站建设设计地域复杂，然其需要协调、完善的事项不亚于中大型水电站建设。而且在项目建设过程中能得到有关部门的支持力度又远远赶不上中大型水利项目，因此，在中小型水电站项目建设的勘察设计、前期报审（批）、参建各方的选择及合同的文本条款落实方面更要高度重视。本文从参与那新水电站的建设全过程对以上各方面的工作进行论述，希望能给类似水电站项目带来借鉴。
关键词：水电站；设计；审查；合同
Naxin hydropower station is the guangxi water conservancy electric power group co., LTD., holding a small and medium-sized hydropower station under construction, is located in baise tianlin anding town, construction since March 2009.Project owner first China gezhouba group co., LTD., and subsequent China railway 19th bureau group co., LTD., is from the guangxi liuzhou water conservancy electric power survey design institute, the supervisor is nanning in guangxi xijiang engineering construction supervision co., LTD.Hydropower station construction industry sectors involved, hydrology, geology, surveying, civil engineering, electrical, manufacturing processing, gold and other professional, is intricate, project construction management and coordination work.So effective measures should be taken in the process of construction management and in place of management, to ensure the smooth construction of the project.But overall, hydroelectric project construction has its regularity, there are common places.
A, select the excellent design, strengthen communication and contact with work
Design is a leading, design development and construction of hydropower station is very important, will directly affect the investment and the progress of the project.If the designer design level is high, the ability to design, work done is in place and in-depth, late of the project construction will be carried out smoothly, the owner side will also save trouble is much, so choose a good design units is critical.But at the moment, I group of hydropower station project design is facing the status quo: country and the area of water conservancy construction project, the design market of porridge more monk less, many are willing to accept from the large investment, short construction period and project with quick results. The purpose is very clear, that is earn more quickly to save money.For the project that lead group level, based on some political factors, and often time they order.Lead to design level, depth is not in place, greatly affected the project construction period, the investment increase.
In the case of actual construction management and how to operate, as the owner of project management personnel must be familiar with design drawings and the site of the project, to found in the construction and the original design drawing is not consistent place and can also be optimized place should be timely communication with site design on behalf of the even design institute, strive to design and construction optimization, more reasonable.At the same time we will strictly in accordance with the relevant hydropower project construction and management of the group to make design changes in a process in a timely manner, so as not to delay the construction period.And will pay special attention to the design drawings if supply with the construction schedule requirements, don't lag because of drawing influence construction progress and result in disputes in the future to the contractor when processing, sent people to design institute tracking urged when necessary. Second, to prepare for project approval according to regulation and in accordance with the prior approval
Hydroelectric project before the formal construction, according to the state's relevant laws and regulations to deal with relevant formalities, if not in time for the examination and approval of the work, will influence the project construction period and increase the cost of project construction.If not approval according to the requirements of the national review, the project will not be able to legally exist, upon investigation, not only to extend the time limit, and the cost will increase a lot, also affects the owner party's credibility.According to relevant data show that the guangxi region has a lot of small and medium-sized hydropower station at the time of the specific construction procedures are more or less in the environment lacking, once under the background of this project with mass resistance or security, and other events, the lack of procedures and formalities will give project to great trouble, and will be due to the lack of procedure missed the best opportunity to solve the contradiction.Naxin hydropower station is a good example, while with the permission of the local government held the opening ceremony and smooth construction, but have no reason to no basis of resistance and plant procedures complete question put forward by the masses, we are wrong.In things well to control the phase to was not dealt with in a timely manner, in place we miss the best time to stay procedures and complete later due to the transition, promote transfer of government leaders, delay, resulting in more than two years of resistance, cause huge direct and indirect economic losses.According to the provisions of the department of water administration under the state, approval and inspection procedures for hydropower station mainly include: first, the project feasibility report must be based on size approved by the national or provincial, municipal development and reform commission of consultancy review, after review requirements, project to project;Second, once approved, the project should be timely and relevant qualified units, please do the eia, water conservation, geological disaster assessment, reconnaissance and bound, forest land, mineral resources evaluation of cover, and put forward related project report, submitted to the relevant departments to review;Related project approval review is completed, timely report to related department for project approval, and the follow-up work developed as soon as possible. Three, discreet choice supervision unit, strictly carry out the supervision contract
Words can be summarized the supervision in the whole process and its importance in the project construction: investment, quality, safety and schedule of four control;Two contract and information management;Coordinating the relationship between the owner and contractor.Can choose a good supervision units, the supervisor in the site of the project supervision personnel how will directly affect the quality of project construction.So choose the project supervising units is critical, not some people said the project supervision is just a form, because it is not a problem, a problem will bring great disputes.Another in the project construction process, the property management must also be accordance with the requirements of the contract strictly supervision supervision, must rely on the former must be in at the scene, be sure to eat at the scene, be sure to work in the field.Key parts working procedure such as topographic survey is really there, casting concrete is prepared to supervise, measurement of quantities are true, the quality of the periodic inspection and acceptance of the work whether, in accordance with requirements of key controls are the owners need.Other aspects such as supervision log must adhere to write;A contractor, owner side, side work regularly meeting;Monthly safety inspection;Month progress payment accounting of funds should firmly carry out, in order to solve various problems arising from the construction, promote the construction of the project.
Four, strictly in accordance with the terms of the contract for construction management
In general, the main points of the construction management is: be familiar with the contract conditions, want to have a forward thinking and global concept, timely and cooperated-builing parties to solve various problems in the process of construction, the process monitoring and process control.In the process of the specific management, due to the contractor is the key to the construction projects subject to project can be completed as scheduled work mainly is to look at the contractor's construction organization.So after signing the contract, the construction management is particularly important.It is a long, hard work, the owner according to contract frequently with shareholders, the designer, contractor, supervision party, coordinating the relationship in a timely manner to solve the problem in the management process.In addition, in the process of project construction management, the owner can not acting the eldest brother, think that the contractor and the supervisor or even design is working for me, this will lead to all sorts of relationship misconduct or mismanagement and passive.To know cooperated-builing parties after signing the contract, it is a kind of equal relations with the owner.So the party should change ideas, positioned, real communication, coordination and service work.
All in all, hydroelectric project construction management is a complicated system engineering, from the date of the project, will be according to the overall goal of the project, careful and meticulous construction plan;The correct configuration of various resources, timely and effectively communicate with cooperated-builing parties;In the process of project construction, strict management and control should be based on contract, to ensure smooth as planned to complete the project construction tasks.
关键词：水电站；设计；审查；合同
Naxin hydropower station is the guangxi water conservancy electric power group co., LTD., holding a small and medium-sized hydropower station under construction, is located in baise tianlin anding town, construction since March 2009.Project owner first China gezhouba group co., LTD., and subsequent China railway 19th bureau group co., LTD., is from the guangxi liuzhou water conservancy electric power survey design institute, the supervisor is nanning in guangxi xijiang engineering construction supervision co., LTD.Hydropower station construction industry sectors involved, hydrology, geology, surveying, civil engineering, electrical, manufacturing processing, gold and other professional, is intricate, project construction management and coordination work.So effective measures should be taken in the process of construction management and in place of management, to ensure the smooth construction of the project.But overall, hydroelectric project construction has its regularity, there are common places.
A, select the excellent design, strengthen communication and contact with work
Design is a leading, design development and construction of hydropower station is very important, will directly affect the investment and the progress of the project.If the designer design level is high, the ability to design, work done is in place and in-depth, late of the project construction will be carried out smoothly, the owner side will also save trouble is much, so choose a good design units is critical.But at the moment, I group of hydropower station project design is facing the status quo: country and the area of water conservancy construction project, the design market of porridge more monk less, many are willing to accept from the large investment, short construction period and project with quick results. The purpose is very clear, that is earn more quickly to save money.For the project that lead group level, based on some political factors, and often time they order.Lead to design level, depth is not in place, greatly affected the project construction period, the investment increase.
In the case of actual construction management and how to operate, as the owner of project management personnel must be familiar with design drawings and the site of the project, to found in the construction and the original design drawing is not consistent place and can also be optimized place should be timely communication with site design on behalf of the even design institute, strive to design and construction optimization, more reasonable.At the same time we will strictly in accordance with the relevant hydropower project construction and management of the group to make design changes in a process in a timely manner, so as not to delay the construction period.And will pay special attention to the design drawings if supply with the construction schedule requirements, don't lag because of drawing influence construction progress and result in disputes in the future to the contractor when processing, sent people to design institute tracking urged when necessary. Second, to prepare for project approval according to regulation and in accordance with the prior approval
Hydroelectric project before the formal construction, according to the state's relevant laws and regulations to deal with relevant formalities, if not in time for the examination and approval of the work, will influence the project construction period and increase the cost of project construction.If not approval according to the requirements of the national review, the project will not be able to legally exist, upon investigation, not only to extend the time limit, and the cost will increase a lot, also affects the owner party's credibility.According to relevant data show that the guangxi region has a lot of small and medium-sized hydropower station at the time of the specific construction procedures are more or less in the environment lacking, once under the background of this project with mass resistance or security, and other events, the lack of procedures and formalities will give project to great trouble, and will be due to the lack of procedure missed the best opportunity to solve the contradiction.Naxin hydropower station is a good example, while with the permission of the local government held the opening ceremony and smooth construction, but have no reason to no basis of resistance and plant procedures complete question put forward by the masses, we are wrong.In things well to control the phase to was not dealt with in a timely manner, in place we miss the best time to stay procedures and complete later due to the transition, promote transfer of government leaders, delay, resulting in more than two years of resistance, cause huge direct and indirect economic losses.According to the provisions of the department of water administration under the state, approval and inspection procedures for hydropower station mainly include: first, the project feasibility report must be based on size approved by the national or provincial, municipal development and reform commission of consultancy review, after review requirements, project to project;Second, once approved, the project should be timely and relevant qualified units, please do the eia, water conservation, geological disaster assessment, reconnaissance and bound, forest land, mineral resources evaluation of cover, and put forward related project report, submitted to the relevant departments to review;Related project approval review is completed, timely report to related department for project approval, and the follow-up work developed as soon as possible. Three, discreet choice supervision unit, strictly carry out the supervision contract
Words can be summarized the supervision in the whole process and its importance in the project construction: investment, quality, safety and schedule of four control;Two contract and information management;Coordinating the relationship between the owner and contractor.Can choose a good supervision units, the supervisor in the site of the project supervision personnel how will directly affect the quality of project construction.So choose the project supervising units is critical, not some people said the project supervision is just a form, because it is not a problem, a problem will bring great disputes.Another in the project construction process, the property management must also be accordance with the requirements of the contract strictly supervision supervision, must rely on the former must be in at the scene, be sure to eat at the scene, be sure to work in the field.Key parts working procedure such as topographic survey is really there, casting concrete is prepared to supervise, measurement of quantities are true, the quality of the periodic inspection and acceptance of the work whether, in accordance with requirements of key controls are the owners need.Other aspects such as supervision log must adhere to write;A contractor, owner side, side work regularly meeting;Monthly safety inspection;Month progress payment accounting of funds should firmly carry out, in order to solve various problems arising from the construction, promote the construction of the project.
Four, strictly in accordance with the terms of the contract for construction management
In general, the main points of the construction management is: be familiar with the contract conditions, want to have a forward thinking and global concept, timely and cooperated-builing parties to solve various problems in the process of construction, the process monitoring and process control.In the process of the specific management, due to the contractor is the key to the construction projects subject to project can be completed as scheduled work mainly is to look at the contractor's construction organization.So after signing the contract, the construction management is particularly important.It is a long, hard work, the owner according to contract frequently with shareholders, the designer, contractor, supervision party, coordinating the relationship in a timely manner to solve the problem in the management process.In addition, in the process of project construction management, the owner can not acting the eldest brother, think that the contractor and the supervisor or even design is working for me, this will lead to all sorts of relationship misconduct or mismanagement and passive.To know cooperated-builing parties after signing the contract, it is a kind of equal relations with the owner.So the party should change ideas, positioned, real communication, coordination and service work.
All in all, hydroelectric project construction management is a complicated system engineering, from the date of the project, will be according to the overall goal of the project, careful and meticulous construction plan;The correct configuration of various resources, timely and effectively communicate with cooperated-builing parties;In the process of project construction, strict management and control should be based on contract, to ensure smooth as planned to complete the project construction tasks.