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为完善云南省保山地区烟草红花大金元品种的栽培技术,研究了不同烟叶结构优化方法对上部烟叶化学成分、外观质量、感官评吸和香气成分的影响。结果表明,优化烟叶结构后各处理的烤烟产量、产值均有不同程度的下降,处理C(封顶时下打2叶、上打2叶留18片叶)上等烟比例增加最多,达4.17%,与对照产值差价最小,为528元/hm~2。处理D能显著提升B2F等级的化学成分得分和外观质量;处理C感官质量评吸得分最高,达78.899,且与对照有显著差异。各优化烟叶结构处理的致香成分均较对照有所提高,处理C香气物质总量最高,达637.39μg/g,较对照增加了60.09%;新植二烯含量最高,为526.25μg/g,占致香物质总量比例最高,达82.56%;β-大马酮、β-紫罗兰酮和巨豆三烯酮等8种类胡萝卜素降解产物、棕色化反应产物、类西柏烷类降解产物茄酮、苯丙氨酸裂解产物含量也最高。综合分析,封顶时下打2叶、上打2叶留18片叶,可明显提高红大上部烟叶的品质和致香成分,提升工业可用性。
In order to improve the cultivation techniques of Dahongyuan tobacco varieties in Baoshan area of Yunnan province, the effects of different tobacco leaf structure optimization methods on the chemical composition, appearance quality, sensory evaluation and aroma components of upper leaves were studied. The results showed that the yield and the output value of flue-cured tobacco decreased with different degrees after treatment of optimized tobacco structure. The highest proportion of top-grade tobacco increased up to 4.17% in treatment C (2 leaves under capping and 18 leaves on 2 leaves) The difference with the control output value of the smallest, 528 yuan / hm ~ 2. Treatment D can significantly improve B2F grade chemical composition score and appearance quality; treatment C sensory quality score the highest, reaching 78.899, and significant differences with the control. The aroma components of each optimized tobacco structure were higher than that of the control. The total amount of aroma substances in the treated C was the highest, reaching 637.39μg / g, which was 60.09% higher than that of the control. The highest content of neophytadiene was 526.25μg / g, Accounting for 82.56% of the total amount of aroma compounds; 8 kinds of carotenoid degradation products, such as beta-damascenone, beta-ionone and megastigone, browning reaction products, , Phenylalanine cleavage product content is also the highest. Comprehensive analysis, capped the next play 2 leaves, 2 leaves on the left to stay 18 leaves, can significantly improve the quality and aroma of red upper tobacco components, improve industrial availability.