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●阶段特征19世纪晚期,出现了第二次工业革命。在其影响下,资本主义经济政治发生了重大变化,垄断组织应运而生,主要资本主义国家向帝国主义阶段过渡。在这个过程中,西方列强加紧瓜分世界,在19世纪的最后30年里,帝国主义国家几乎把世界瓜分完毕,控制了世界上绝大部分土地和人口,资本主义世界体系最终形成。由于政治经济的不平衡发展,各国之间的力量对比发生了变化,于是在殖民利益及世界霸权争夺中矛盾日益加剧。以英德矛盾为主线形成了两大军事集团,并最终导致第一次世界大战爆发。
● Stage characteristics In the late 19th century, there was a second industrial revolution. Under its influence, the capitalist economy and politics have undergone major changes. Monopolistic organizations have emerged as the times require. The main capitalist countries have transitioned to imperialism. In this process, the Western powers have stepped up to divide up the world. In the last 30 years of the 19th century, the imperialist countries virtually divided the world, controlled most of the world’s land and population, and finally formed the capitalist world system. Due to the unbalanced development of the political economy, the balance of power between countries has changed, and the conflict between colonial interests and world hegemony has intensified. Two major military groups were formed on the basis of the contradictions between Britain and Germany, and eventually led to the outbreak of the First World War.