文学中的“多余者”是十九世纪俄罗斯文学中的一个概念,他们属于贵族知识分子,但既不满足于自己的上流社会,又不能跳出其生活的小圈子与人民融合。“多余者”的共同特征:具一定文化教养,对人生有追求,不趋炎附势,不为官职钱财所利诱;也能看出现实生活中的某些弊病和缺陷,在腐朽和黑暗的统治下深感窒息。他们虽有变革现实的抱负,但缺少实践。他们生活空虚,性格软弱,没有向贵族社会抗争的勇气,只是用忧郁、彷徨的 The “surplus” in literature is a concept in Russian literature in the 19th century. They belonged to aristocratic intellectuals, but they were not content with their own upper class, but could not integrate with the people from the small circle of their own life. Common features of “excess”: a culture of upbringing, the pursuit of life, not inflammation, not for the office of the money lured; also can see some real defects in life and defects in the decadent and dark rule Deep choking. Although they have the ambition to change reality, they lack practice. They are emptied of life, weak in character, have no courage to fight aristocrats, and only use melancholy,