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[目的]为干旱、半干旱区农田施用PAM和SAP用量和方法提供理论依据。[方法]通过温室盆栽方法,分析聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、保水剂(SAP)以及复配对作物根区土壤温度和生长过程的影响。[结果]在0～5 cm层深的土壤中添加PAM和SAP,可以改善根系周边土壤温度,与对照相比,土壤温度最大降幅达2～3℃,但对于添加PAM和SAP后15～20 cm层深的土壤,受阳光辐射强度弱、土壤含水率高且水分堵塞土壤空隙的影响,土壤温度比对照的有所提高,而且由于PAM空间锁水比SAP点状锁水效果更好,PAM的恒温作用要强于SAP。在作物生长初期,PAM和SAP对植物水分的补给作用尤为明显,有效增加作物鲜重和地下干物质积累,地上鲜重、地下鲜重与对照相比高出1～3倍,地下干重与对照相比提高1～2倍。[结论]将PAM和SAP应用在利用地下部分的经济作物和地上部分水分含量较高的作物增产效果会更加明显。
[Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for the application of PAM and SAP dosage and method in arid and semiarid farmland. [Method] The effects of polyacrylamide (PAM), water-holding agent (SAP) and compounding on soil temperature and growth process in crop root zone were analyzed by greenhouse pot method. [Result] Adding PAM and SAP to 0-5 cm soil depth could improve the soil temperature around the root system. Compared with the control, the soil temperature dropped 2 ~ 3 ℃ at the maximum. However, after adding PAM and SAP 15-20 cm depth of soil, the soil temperature is higher than that of the control due to weak sunlight radiation intensity, high soil moisture content and water plugging the soil void, and because PAM space locking water is better than SAP spot water locking effect, PAM The thermostatic effect is stronger than SAP. In the early stage of crop growth, the effect of PAM and SAP on plant water supply was more obvious, which effectively increased crop fresh weight and underground dry matter accumulation, fresh weight on the ground and fresh ground weight 1 to 3 times higher than the control, Control increased by 1 to 2 times. [Conclusion] Applying PAM and SAP to the crops with higher water content in the cash crop and the aerial part of the underground will be more obvious.