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目的了解济南市铁路企业女职工健康状况,为采取早期预防疾病的措施提供依据。方法采用普查的调查方法,以行政文件的形式发放调查表,调查铁路企业女职工健康监护资料,进行综合分析,研究其流行病学分布规律。结果血液检测异常率中高血糖、高血脂、血常规、肾功能、肝功能的异常率分别为3.01%、23.98%、17.69%、16.64%和15.99%,其中高血糖和高血脂随着工龄增加异常率增高(P<0.05)。B超检查异常率中脂肪肝、肝叶囊肿、肝内血管瘤、肝内钙化灶、胆囊息肉、胆囊(管)结石、胆囊炎、肾结石、肾囊肿和胸片的异常率分别为10.75%、4.72%、1.83%、1.83%、1.57%、2.62%、1.18%、1.31%、2.62%和1.18%,其中脂肪肝和肝叶囊肿随着工龄增加异常率增高(P<0.05)。心血管检查异常率中高血压、ST-T改变、心率异常、传导阻滞、房室异常和早搏的异常率分别为5.90%、13.63%、13.63%、0.26%、1.18%、1.31%和1.31%,其中高血压、ST-T改变、传导阻滞和房室异常随着工龄增加异常率增高(P<0.05)。妇科检查异常率中子宫及附件肌瘤、妇科炎症、宫颈息肉和子宫及附件囊肿的异常率分别为22.43%、22.77%、2.02%和10.12%,其中子宫及附件肌瘤和子宫及附件囊肿随着工龄增加异常率增高(P<0.05)。乳腺检查异常率中乳腺增生和乳腺纤维瘤的异常率分别为13.89%和0.79%,其中乳腺纤维瘤随着工龄增加异常率增高(P<0.05),乳腺增生随着工龄增加异常率降低(P<0.05)。结论铁路企业女职工健康检查结果显示群体健康状况不容乐观,现代生活方式对健康的影响同样也在职工中存在,如脂肪肝、高血压及心电图异常等均随年龄增长而增加,所以除了对职工进行卫生防护之外,还应积极改善生活方式,提倡健康生活,防止由现代生活方引起的慢性疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the health status of female employees in railway enterprises in Jinan and provide evidence for taking measures to prevent diseases in the early stage. Methods The survey method of census was used to distribute the questionnaire in the form of administrative documents and investigate the data of health guardianship of female employees in railway enterprises. The data were analyzed comprehensively and the distribution of epidemiology was studied. Results The anomalous rates of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, blood routine, renal function and liver function were 3.01%, 23.98%, 17.69%, 16.64% and 15.99% respectively in the abnormal rate of blood test. The abnormal increase of senior high blood sugar and hyperlipidemia Rate increased (P <0.05). Abnormal rates of fatty liver, hepatic cysts, intrahepatic hemangiomas, intrahepatic calcifications, gallbladder polyps, gallbladder stones, cholecystitis, renal calculi, renal cysts and chest radiographs were 10.75% , 4.72%, 1.83%, 1.83%, 1.57%, 2.62%, 1.18%, 1.31%, 2.62% and 1.18% respectively. The abnormal rates of fatty liver and hepatic cysts increased with the increase of working age (P <0.05). The abnormal rates of cardiovascular abnormalities were 5.90%, 13.63%, 13.63%, 0.26%, 1.18%, 1.31% and 1.31% respectively in patients with hypertension, ST-T changes, abnormal heart rate, conduction block, atrioventricular anomalies and premature beats. Among them, the abnormal rate of hypertension, ST-T changes, conduction block and atrioventricular abnormality increased with increasing seniority (P <0.05). The abnormal rate of gynecological examination in the uterus and appendix fibroids, gynecological inflammation, cervical polyps and uterine and appendix cyst abnormalities rates were 22.43%, 22.77%, 2.02% and 10.12%, respectively, which uterine and appendix fibroids and uterine and appendix cysts with Abnormal increase of working age increased (P <0.05). The abnormal rates of breast hyperplasia and breast fibroids were 13.89% and 0.79% respectively in breast abnormality rate. The abnormal rate of breast fibroaness increased with the increase of working age (P <0.05), while the abnormal rate of breast hyperplasia decreased with increasing length of service (P <0.05). Conclusion The results of health examination of female employees in railway enterprises show that the group health status is not optimistic. The impact of modern lifestyle on the health of workers also exists. For example, fatty liver, hypertension and abnormal ECG increase with age, In addition to health protection, we should also actively improve the life style, promote a healthy life and prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases caused by modern lifestyles.