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目的了解深圳市盐田区2009～2012年手足口病流行病学特征,为制订防控对策提供科学依据。方法对近4年盐田区手足口病疫情数据进行统计处理,描述流行病学方法分析流行特征。结果 2009～2012年深圳市盐田区共报告手足口病病例2269例,平均年发病率为264.30/10万,年度发病率呈逐年增高趋势;病例数男、女性比为1.47:1;发病以5岁以下婴幼儿为主,为1866例(占82.24%);每年3月开始发病数开始上升,于4、5月达到高峰,不同年份的发病时间分布曲线存在差异;全区4个街道,发病率由高到低依次为盐田、沙头角、海山和梅沙街道;不同街道发病率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=107.0291,P<0.0001);职业分布以散居儿童居多,为1497例(占65.98%),其次为幼托儿童672例(占29.62%)。2009～2012年共报告手足口病聚集性疫情33起,其中32起发生于幼儿园;对其中9起进行采样核酸检测,CoxA16阳性3起,EV71阳性1起,肠道病毒通用型4起。结论盐田区手足口病发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,应针对流动人口、托幼机构加大防控力度,强化疫情监测与健康教育,防止疫情扩散。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Yantian District of Shenzhen City from 2009 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiological data of HFMD in Yantian district in recent 4 years were statistically analyzed, and epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 2269 HFMD cases were reported in Yantian District of Shenzhen City from 2009 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 264.30 / 100 000. The annual incidence rate showed an increasing trend year by year. The number of cases was 1.47: 1 for men and women, and the incidence was 5 The number of infants and children aged below was 1866 (82.24%). The number of infants started to rise in March of each year and peaked in April and May. The distribution curves of morbidity in different years differed. In the four districts of the district, The highest and lowest rates were Yantian, Sha Tau Kok, Haishan and Meisha streets. The incidence of different streets was statistically significant (χ2 = 107.0291, P <0.0001). Occupational distribution was mainly for scattered children, accounting for 1497 cases 65.98%), followed by 672 cases of preschool children (29.62%). A total of 33 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported from 2009 to 2012, of which 32 cases occurred in kindergarten. Of the 9 cases, 9 samples were positive for nucleic acid sampling, 3 were positive for CoxA16, 1 was positive for EV71 and 4 were universal for enterovirus. Conclusion The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yantian District shows an upward trend year by year. It is necessary to increase prevention and control efforts for floating population and nursery schools, strengthen epidemic situation monitoring and health education and prevent the spread of the epidemic.