在我国,对城市进行系统的民族学研究始于苏维埃时代。从民族学产生时起,农村居民的文化就进入了民族学家的研究范围。人们对这一问题的兴趣历久不衰的原因在于,长期在国家人口中占大多数的农民的文化表现出鲜明的民族学特征,而民族的传统风俗文化的特点最初正是在农村环境中形成的。民族学研究的对象和范围事实上仅局限于对农民文化的研究,这也与不久前还存在的这样一种看法有关,即认为似乎只有农民才绝对是民族传统的体现者。对这种夸大的看法,到本世纪二十至三十年代才开始克服,当时研究者确信光考察农村居民显然是不够的,并开始着手对城市的研究。到五十年代,特别广泛地展开了对城市的民族学工作。转向城市问题的研究标志着民族学研究范围的大大扩展。过去不曾引起民族学家注意的 In our country, a systematic ethnographic study of cities began in the Soviet era. Since the birth of ethnology, the culture of rural residents has entered the research area of ​​ethnologists. The reason why people’s interest in this issue has been prolonged is that the peasants’ culture, which has long dominated the national population, has distinct ethnographic features. The traditional customs and culture of the nation were initially characterized in a rural environment of. The object and extent of ethnological research are in fact only confined to the study of peasant culture, which is also related to the recent notion that it seems that only peasants are definitely the embodiment of national tradition. This exaggerated view was not overcome by the twenties and thirties of this century. At that time, researchers were convinced that it was obviously not enough to inspect rural residents and started to study the cities. By the 1950s, ethnographic work on cities was particularly widespread. The research on the question of urbanization marked a significant expansion of the study of ethnology. In the past did not attract ethnographer attention