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介绍使用硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)处理和控制酸性矿山排水 (AMD)新技术的半工业性试验和现场试验结果。当有碳和硫酸盐源供给时 ,硫酸盐还原菌 (一种普通的厌氧菌群 )生产出硫化氢和重碳酸盐。硫化氢与AMD中金属离子起反应 ,生成金属硫化物而沉淀。生成的重碳酸盐用来促进酸性矿山排水的中和。半工业性试验金属去除系数达到 :Zn 99% ,Al 99% ,Mn 96 % ,Cd 98%和Cu 96 %。但Fe和As去除不如上述金属有效 ,这主要是由于污染有机给养基的铁和砷含量高。有证据说明 ,吸附作用和硫酸盐还原都在反应器中发生。SRB现场示范工程包括使用蒙大拿州埃利斯顿附近的利利 奥芬博伊矿淹没的地下矿山工作区作为“原地生物反应器”。该矿在 4年的监测期间 ,已观察到Al、Cd、Cu和Zn都有高的去除系数 ( 70 %～接近 1 0 0 % )。然而 ,由于与半工业性试验类似的原因 ,As和Fe测得低的去除系数。通过矿山水中硫酸盐减少的测定和可溶硫化物的检测说明 ,硫酸盐还原是明显的。
The semi-industrial and field test results on the use of SRB to treat and control new technologies for acid mine drainage (AMD) are presented. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (an ordinary anaerobic flora) produce hydrogen sulfide and bicarbonate when carbon and sulfate sources are available. Hydrogen sulfide reacts with metal ions in AMD to form metal sulfides and precipitate. The produced bicarbonate is used to promote acid mine drainage neutralization. Semi-industrial test metal removal factor reached: Zn 99%, Al 99%, Mn 96%, Cd 98% and Cu 96%. However, the removal of Fe and As is not as effective as the metals described above, mainly due to the high levels of iron and arsenic contaminated organic substrates. Evidence shows that both sorption and sulfate reduction occur in the reactor. The SRB site demonstration project included the use of an underground mine work area submerged by the Leigh Finnboi mine near Elliston, Montana as an “in situ bioreactor.” The mine has observed high removal rates (70% to nearly 100%) for Al, Cd, Cu and Zn during the four-year monitoring period. However, As and Fe measure low removal factors for similar reasons to the semi-industrial tests. Sulfate reduction is evident from the sulfate reduction in mine water and the detection of soluble sulfides.