论文部分内容阅读
一、高考命题预测
阅读理解旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力，主要包括对文章特定信息的查找、理解，对主旨大意的归纳总结，对写作目的的把握，对细节或观点态度的推断，对生词、短语、语句语境含义的猜测，对篇章结构、写作手法的把握。目前的高考命题趋势是逐渐加大对推理判断、主旨大意等题型的考查力度，要求较强的深层理解能力。
备考中，考生应该把高考大纲要求的考纲词汇全面记忆；同时，要强化英语句式结构的分析判断能力，加强对长难句的分析和翻译练习。以上两点，是阅读理解能力的基础。建议考生要结合高考中的常见和热门题材，有针对地阅读文章，扩充背景知识。其次，还要投入大量的精力练习和研究历年高考真题。
二、考点终极突破
（一）大意
文章大意：通过略读快速找到文章谈论的关键词，并找到各个段落的主题句，然后进行归纳总结，读出结论。
段落大意：应注意找到本段落的主题句，如果没有明显的主题句，则根据具体内容进行归纳、提炼。并注意该段落在整篇文章中的地位、作用，结合整篇文章的行文脉络加以定位，确定大意。
例（2014湖北卷）
Working with a group of baboons（狒狒）in the Namibian desert， Dr. Alecia Carter of the De-partment of Zoology， Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a fa-miliar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who al-ready knew how to solve the task， while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were， Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
……
59. What is the first paragraph mainly about？
A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research.
B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.
C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.
D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.
【解析】段落大意题。根据第一段2，3，4行Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology， Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task， while others had to learn for themselves.可知本段主要描述他进行的这项研究的设计方案，也就是他在这项研究里是如何做的。故A正确。
（二）态度推断
把握主旨大意和作者的总体倾向，尤其注意对具体人和事物的描述语言中所使用词汇的褒贬性；从文章整体看作者的看法、主张，尤其注意表达观点的句式和词汇，如I think，In my opinion，from my perspective等。
例（2014湖北卷）
You’ve flown halfway around the world； you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falong-land or Thailand seems to have ever heard of； so what on earth is there to do here？ You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out， it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin， about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok， down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do won-der if finding it has been their purpose all along. There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers， and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.
It’s early afternoon， so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Be-fore long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you or-dered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm， clear blue sea. There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count your blessings（福祉）， listing them in the sand with your toe（脚趾）. You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.
The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon（地平线）， slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re- emerge again on your left， now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right； it’s un-broken， endless. No start， no end， just sand， sun， and peace. Step off it， and you re-enter the world of traffic， stress， work， and hurry.
Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes， but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and， in the right frame of mind， it stretches all the way around the world.
“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.
63. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach， ______.
A. he found it unworthwhile
B. he failed to sort himself out
C. he became sensitive to smell
D. he had difficulty in finding it
66. What does the author imply by his ques-tion at the end of the passage？
A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.
B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.
C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.
D. He should have come to the place earlier.
【解析】63.根据文章第二、第三段中It wasa long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out， it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.和Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.可知从曼谷去那里要花很长的时间，而且很少有游客能够找到这个地方。作者第一次去也花了很长的时间。故D正确。
66.根据文章最后一段之前的描述可知这里的风景迷人，饭菜可口，生活惬意。作者后悔很晚才发现有这样的地方。故D正确。
（三）正误判断
在题干中确定关键信息点，然后在文中定位该信息点以及相关表述，进行分析推敲，再把选项逐个与原文内容比对，选择符合原文的选项。 例（2014天津卷）
……
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle（班车）ser-vice. The shuttle transports students between cam-pus and the shopping centre， leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.
40. What is the function of TWU Express？
A. To carry students to the lecture halls.
B. To provide students with campus tours
C. To take students to the Mattson Centre.
D. To transport students to and from the stores.
【解析】根据文章最后一部分中的The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre， leaving from the Mattson Centre.可知The TWU Express的作用就是在学校和商店之间运送学生。故D正确。
（四）词义猜测
逻辑关系：根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、递进、因果、平行结构等，由已知的一部分内容推断含有生词部分的整体含义、褒贬等，再根据该部分内的语境含义，确定生词意思。还可以使用“代入尝试法”，即将每个选项中的词汇带入原文，检测哪一个符合上下文的逻辑关系。
定义、同义替换：根据生词后的定义、定语从句描述、破折号后的解释说明、列举的具体实例、同义替换的替代词等可以确定生词含义。
例（2014湖北卷）
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social infor-mation and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals， something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive（认知的）tasks not be-cause they aren’t clever enough to solve them， but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
61. Which best illustrates the“mismatch”mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.
D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.
【解析】根据第三段The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching.可知一些狒狒虽然观察了很长时间，但是并没有采取行动。这一错位说明性格在动物的社会行为中起着很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句“while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching”的内容。故C正确。
阅读理解旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力，主要包括对文章特定信息的查找、理解，对主旨大意的归纳总结，对写作目的的把握，对细节或观点态度的推断，对生词、短语、语句语境含义的猜测，对篇章结构、写作手法的把握。目前的高考命题趋势是逐渐加大对推理判断、主旨大意等题型的考查力度，要求较强的深层理解能力。
备考中，考生应该把高考大纲要求的考纲词汇全面记忆；同时，要强化英语句式结构的分析判断能力，加强对长难句的分析和翻译练习。以上两点，是阅读理解能力的基础。建议考生要结合高考中的常见和热门题材，有针对地阅读文章，扩充背景知识。其次，还要投入大量的精力练习和研究历年高考真题。
二、考点终极突破
（一）大意
文章大意：通过略读快速找到文章谈论的关键词，并找到各个段落的主题句，然后进行归纳总结，读出结论。
段落大意：应注意找到本段落的主题句，如果没有明显的主题句，则根据具体内容进行归纳、提炼。并注意该段落在整篇文章中的地位、作用，结合整篇文章的行文脉络加以定位，确定大意。
例（2014湖北卷）
Working with a group of baboons（狒狒）in the Namibian desert， Dr. Alecia Carter of the De-partment of Zoology， Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a fa-miliar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who al-ready knew how to solve the task， while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were， Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
……
59. What is the first paragraph mainly about？
A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research.
B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.
C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.
D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.
【解析】段落大意题。根据第一段2，3，4行Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology， Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task， while others had to learn for themselves.可知本段主要描述他进行的这项研究的设计方案，也就是他在这项研究里是如何做的。故A正确。
（二）态度推断
把握主旨大意和作者的总体倾向，尤其注意对具体人和事物的描述语言中所使用词汇的褒贬性；从文章整体看作者的看法、主张，尤其注意表达观点的句式和词汇，如I think，In my opinion，from my perspective等。
例（2014湖北卷）
You’ve flown halfway around the world； you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falong-land or Thailand seems to have ever heard of； so what on earth is there to do here？ You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out， it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin， about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok， down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do won-der if finding it has been their purpose all along. There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers， and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.
It’s early afternoon， so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Be-fore long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you or-dered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm， clear blue sea. There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count your blessings（福祉）， listing them in the sand with your toe（脚趾）. You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.
The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon（地平线）， slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re- emerge again on your left， now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right； it’s un-broken， endless. No start， no end， just sand， sun， and peace. Step off it， and you re-enter the world of traffic， stress， work， and hurry.
Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes， but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and， in the right frame of mind， it stretches all the way around the world.
“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.
63. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach， ______.
A. he found it unworthwhile
B. he failed to sort himself out
C. he became sensitive to smell
D. he had difficulty in finding it
66. What does the author imply by his ques-tion at the end of the passage？
A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.
B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.
C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.
D. He should have come to the place earlier.
【解析】63.根据文章第二、第三段中It wasa long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out， it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.和Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.可知从曼谷去那里要花很长的时间，而且很少有游客能够找到这个地方。作者第一次去也花了很长的时间。故D正确。
66.根据文章最后一段之前的描述可知这里的风景迷人，饭菜可口，生活惬意。作者后悔很晚才发现有这样的地方。故D正确。
（三）正误判断
在题干中确定关键信息点，然后在文中定位该信息点以及相关表述，进行分析推敲，再把选项逐个与原文内容比对，选择符合原文的选项。 例（2014天津卷）
……
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle（班车）ser-vice. The shuttle transports students between cam-pus and the shopping centre， leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.
40. What is the function of TWU Express？
A. To carry students to the lecture halls.
B. To provide students with campus tours
C. To take students to the Mattson Centre.
D. To transport students to and from the stores.
【解析】根据文章最后一部分中的The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre， leaving from the Mattson Centre.可知The TWU Express的作用就是在学校和商店之间运送学生。故D正确。
（四）词义猜测
逻辑关系：根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、递进、因果、平行结构等，由已知的一部分内容推断含有生词部分的整体含义、褒贬等，再根据该部分内的语境含义，确定生词意思。还可以使用“代入尝试法”，即将每个选项中的词汇带入原文，检测哪一个符合上下文的逻辑关系。
定义、同义替换：根据生词后的定义、定语从句描述、破折号后的解释说明、列举的具体实例、同义替换的替代词等可以确定生词含义。
例（2014湖北卷）
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social infor-mation and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals， something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive（认知的）tasks not be-cause they aren’t clever enough to solve them， but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
61. Which best illustrates the“mismatch”mentioned in Paragraph 4？
A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.
D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.
【解析】根据第三段The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching.可知一些狒狒虽然观察了很长时间，但是并没有采取行动。这一错位说明性格在动物的社会行为中起着很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句“while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching”的内容。故C正确。