放疗与根治术放疗与根治术结合对直肠癌、某些类型的头颈部肿瘤及可能对胰腺癌业已达到局部控制的明显提高。有一些其他的临床情况单独使用根治手术或根治放疗有很高的复发率。尽管结肠癌(腹膜反折以上)手术切除后的生存期及局部控制效果优于单独手术切除直肠癌的结果,但是在这些肿瘤间仍有解剖和生物学的相似之处。近来对结肠癌进行所谓根治性切除后失败病例的研究表明,病期在B_3,C_2和C_3亚组的病人中局部失败率达30-50%。由于放疗加化疗已显示出对直肠癌有效,因而对预后较差的结肠癌患者进行正规随机联合治疗研究是有指征的。一些研究所的小规模预试研究证明这种方法技术上可行,但是这些资料还不能对疗效作出肯定结论。多年来,患局部晚期乳癌的病人主要用放射治 Radiotherapy combined with radical surgery Radiotherapy combined with radical surgery has markedly improved local control of rectal cancer, certain types of head and neck tumors, and possibly pancreatic cancer. There are some other clinical conditions that have a high rate of recurrence with radical or radical radiotherapy alone. Although the survival and local control after colon resection (above peritoneal reflexes) were superior to the results of surgical resection alone, there were still anatomical and biological similarities between these tumors. Recent studies on the failure of so-called radical resection of colon cancer have shown that the local failure rate in patients with B3, C2, and C3 subgroups is 30-50%. Since radiotherapy plus chemotherapy has been shown to be effective for rectal cancer, it is indicative of a randomized combination therapy for patients with poor prognosis of colon cancer. Small-scale pilot studies conducted by some institutes have proven that this method is technically feasible, but these data do not provide a firm conclusion on efficacy. Over the years, patients with locally advanced breast cancer have mainly been treated with radiation