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【摘要】强调句是高中语法的一项重点和难点，也是高考的热点。本文通过解析强调句的特点，并结合近年高考真题分析探究高考强调句考察的难点——主要是与复合句的混合使用，探究识别解答这类题的方法，以期与广大师生共享。
【关键词】强调句 强调句型 难点 高考题 探究
1.如何识别强调句，识别强调句可以通过还原法来识别，也就是说把It is /was … that …去掉，如果剩下的部分依然是一个完整的句子，那就判定这个句子为强调句。否则就不是。
It is here that traffic accidents often happen→ traffic accidents often happen here.
It is clear that not all golden things are gold. 这个句子如果去掉 It is … that …变成Clear not all golden things are gold.很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句，而是it 作形式主语，that 从句是真正主语的主从复合句
2.含有not…until句型的 强调句型： It is/was not until+ 被强调部分+that+其他部分
He didn't go to work until eight o'clock yesterday
→ It was not until eight o'clock that he went to work yesterday I didn't realize she was a film star until she took off her dark glasses→ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star
（湖南2012-30）. It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. who B. that C. where D. before
解析：本题考查含有not…until句型的强调句型，即 It is/was not until+ 被强调部分+that+其他部分，因此答案为B.
3.强调由not…but..（不是，而是）； not only…， but also…（不仅，而且）；either …or…（要么，要么）； neither…nor…（既不，也不）； as well as（以及）等连接的并列主语所构成的句子。
（2011陕西.23）It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do〖CD#2〗benefits our work most. A.who B.which C. that D.what
解析： 答案：C 本题同样考察强调句，强调由not-but连接的并列主语从句。
4.强调句型结构与定语从句的结合使用：在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人将强调句型与定语从句结合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构强调句型套定语从句。一定要把握准确强调词标志“that”的正确位置。
例如： Was it at the school which was named after a hero that Mary spent her childhood？ It was in the shop which was opened last week that he bought a bunch of flowers. It was the boy whose father was a lawyer that gave me some sweets. Was it in 2005 when you were in college that you got to know him？ （2007.山东30）——Where did you get to know her？
——It was on the farm〖CD#2〗we worked. A.that B.there C.which D.where
解析：在解这道题时学生往往会受定势思维的干扰，不仔细分析句子结构匆匆一看，认为考强调句马上选A .本题涉及强调句没错，但是它真正考查的是强调句中的定语从句。强调句型中包含有定语从句，强调句中的that以及后边的部分被省略。补充完整那就是：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
5.由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句：如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。例如：
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake。I wonder when it is that we'll leave for Paris.
（2011安徽33）His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out〖CD#2〗it is he is trying to express . A.that B.how C.who D.what 解析：本题make out的后边是一个强调句作宾语从句，那么必须确定横线上的词在原句中的具体位置和意思。由题意可判断是说话人搞不清作者写的东西表达的内容是什么，因此就选A.
6.强调句型与含有时间状语从句的主从复合句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然成立。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不能成立。
It was at 14：48 that fire broke out. （强调句型）
It was 14：48 when the fire broke out. （when引导状语从句，it表示时间）
① it be ……since………. 用来表示“自…….开始（结束），已是……时间了”。
It is / has been 一段时间 + since sb did sth.
It was 一段时间 + since sb had done sth
It was ten years ago that he began to learn French（强调句）
It is/has been ten years since he began to learn French.（since引导状语从句，it 指代时间）
② It is （will be ）+一段时间 （ long， years ， months） +before sb do （does） sth
It was （would be）+一段时间 +before sb did sth。意为“过了一段时间………..才”
Eg：It will be more than 50 years before the city begins once again to look as it did before.
It was not long before she worked out the problem.
③ it +be 动词的某种变形+某 时间点 +when从句
It was midnight when she came back.（when引导状语从句，it 表示时间）
It was in1939 that the Second World War broke out.（强调句）
（2012-重庆32.）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic〖CD#2〗Zheng sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since
解析：本题是考查强调句去掉It was和空原句成立；这句强调时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。因此答案为B.
7. 强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式：在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was…保持一致。例如： It is Mary not you who want to ask me about it， isn't it？
8. 强调句型中的主谓一致：在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was…，同时，that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。即使被强调的主语是复数，it后边的谓语动词也用单数。如： It is I who am an engineer. It is my friends that/who often help me get out of trouble. It is not I that/who am to blame for the accident.
参考文献
[1] 《5年高考3年模拟》——特殊句式：常考点清单 强调.
【关键词】强调句 强调句型 难点 高考题 探究
1.如何识别强调句，识别强调句可以通过还原法来识别，也就是说把It is /was … that …去掉，如果剩下的部分依然是一个完整的句子，那就判定这个句子为强调句。否则就不是。
It is here that traffic accidents often happen→ traffic accidents often happen here.
It is clear that not all golden things are gold. 这个句子如果去掉 It is … that …变成Clear not all golden things are gold.很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句，而是it 作形式主语，that 从句是真正主语的主从复合句
2.含有not…until句型的 强调句型： It is/was not until+ 被强调部分+that+其他部分
He didn't go to work until eight o'clock yesterday
→ It was not until eight o'clock that he went to work yesterday I didn't realize she was a film star until she took off her dark glasses→ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star
（湖南2012-30）. It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. who B. that C. where D. before
解析：本题考查含有not…until句型的强调句型，即 It is/was not until+ 被强调部分+that+其他部分，因此答案为B.
3.强调由not…but..（不是，而是）； not only…， but also…（不仅，而且）；either …or…（要么，要么）； neither…nor…（既不，也不）； as well as（以及）等连接的并列主语所构成的句子。
（2011陕西.23）It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do〖CD#2〗benefits our work most. A.who B.which C. that D.what
解析： 答案：C 本题同样考察强调句，强调由not-but连接的并列主语从句。
4.强调句型结构与定语从句的结合使用：在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人将强调句型与定语从句结合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构强调句型套定语从句。一定要把握准确强调词标志“that”的正确位置。
例如： Was it at the school which was named after a hero that Mary spent her childhood？ It was in the shop which was opened last week that he bought a bunch of flowers. It was the boy whose father was a lawyer that gave me some sweets. Was it in 2005 when you were in college that you got to know him？ （2007.山东30）——Where did you get to know her？
——It was on the farm〖CD#2〗we worked. A.that B.there C.which D.where
解析：在解这道题时学生往往会受定势思维的干扰，不仔细分析句子结构匆匆一看，认为考强调句马上选A .本题涉及强调句没错，但是它真正考查的是强调句中的定语从句。强调句型中包含有定语从句，强调句中的that以及后边的部分被省略。补充完整那就是：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
5.由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句：如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。例如：
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake。I wonder when it is that we'll leave for Paris.
（2011安徽33）His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out〖CD#2〗it is he is trying to express . A.that B.how C.who D.what 解析：本题make out的后边是一个强调句作宾语从句，那么必须确定横线上的词在原句中的具体位置和意思。由题意可判断是说话人搞不清作者写的东西表达的内容是什么，因此就选A.
6.强调句型与含有时间状语从句的主从复合句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然成立。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不能成立。
It was at 14：48 that fire broke out. （强调句型）
It was 14：48 when the fire broke out. （when引导状语从句，it表示时间）
① it be ……since………. 用来表示“自…….开始（结束），已是……时间了”。
It is / has been 一段时间 + since sb did sth.
It was 一段时间 + since sb had done sth
It was ten years ago that he began to learn French（强调句）
It is/has been ten years since he began to learn French.（since引导状语从句，it 指代时间）
② It is （will be ）+一段时间 （ long， years ， months） +before sb do （does） sth
It was （would be）+一段时间 +before sb did sth。意为“过了一段时间………..才”
Eg：It will be more than 50 years before the city begins once again to look as it did before.
It was not long before she worked out the problem.
③ it +be 动词的某种变形+某 时间点 +when从句
It was midnight when she came back.（when引导状语从句，it 表示时间）
It was in1939 that the Second World War broke out.（强调句）
（2012-重庆32.）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic〖CD#2〗Zheng sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since
解析：本题是考查强调句去掉It was和空原句成立；这句强调时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。因此答案为B.
7. 强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式：在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was…保持一致。例如： It is Mary not you who want to ask me about it， isn't it？
8. 强调句型中的主谓一致：在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was…，同时，that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。即使被强调的主语是复数，it后边的谓语动词也用单数。如： It is I who am an engineer. It is my friends that/who often help me get out of trouble. It is not I that/who am to blame for the accident.
参考文献
[1] 《5年高考3年模拟》——特殊句式：常考点清单 强调.