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平行结构是英语写作中最为常见的表现手段，它的巧用可以为高考作文增色不少，但是很少有学生能把它发挥到极致。原因只有一点，没有完全弄清英语平行结构的基本要求和常见的语法形式。
平行结构的基本要求：同等重要的、并列的成分（思想、概念）要用同类的语法结构形式表现。最为常见的语法形式莫过于并列连词了。它们所连接的部分应该是对等的——名词对名词，动词对动词，副词对副词，形容词对形容词，分词对分词，不定式对不定式，句子对句子，切忌把同一结构中的某一个概念用一种形式来表现而把另外的概念用其它形式来表达。
一、主要并列连词及用法
（一）and 类并列连词
and类并列连词主要有and， both... and...， and... as well， as well as， either... or...， neither... nor...， not only... but also...。例如:
In short, changes in our life have brought us comfort and convenience. （名词）
In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming and playing table tennis. （动名词）
I prefer my English classes to be taught in both Chinese and English. （名词）
On July 16th, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed when they saw the wall newspaper. （形容词）
I am going to write a letter to you every other week and do something for you as possible as I can. （动词）
I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. （现在分词）
Of course, I’ll do some reading for fun and for knowledge as well. （介词短语）
To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amount of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. （名词）
The German girl can neither speak nor write German because she lives in China after birth. （动词）
Air is neither a solid and a liquid. （名词）
The speech was given neither by Professor Wang nor by Dr Li. （介词短语）
Neither can theory do without practice, nor can practice do without theory. （动词）
In his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but also understand “why”. （动词）
Protecting our eyesight is not only a personal concern but also a public one. （名词）
Not only were all the flights cancelled but also many trees were delayed. （动词）
（二）or类并列连词
or类并列连词有or, either... or..., whether... or,这类连词，主要表示选择。
You can go there by bus or by bike.（介词短语）
We should not leave the tap water running or waste any materials in the laboratory class. （动词）
It’s also possible that a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping, or maybe you lost it on your way home. （句子）
You can either borrow the dictionary from the library or buy it from the bookshop. （动词）
You can also enjoy yourself at the café drinking tea or coffee in the evening. （名词）
As some old people feel lonely, we may chat with them about their old days, changes of our city or anything they are interested in. （名词, 介宾）
There are only two choices, either you take it or you don’t. （句子）
Whether I rest or not doesn’t matter. （主谓）
His opinion, whether right or wrong, should be taken into consideration. （形容词）
All matter, whether it is solid, liquid or gas, is made up of atoms. （名词）
（三）but类并列连词
but类并列连词主要有 but, however, though等。
The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed heading west. （动词）
Once my parents listened to the radio for news but now they watch TV. （句子）
Last but not least, have enough sleep, which helps our eyes recover from tiredness. （副词）
The task is hard, however we’re determined to finish it. （句子）
The bird was unhappy, though it had enough food and water. （句子）
（四） 其它并列连词
rather than, more... than..., prefer... to..., not... but... 它们的意思是“与其说是……还不如说是……”, “不是……而是……”。
Alice ought to go rather than Mary. （名词）
He did the work by himself rather than ask others for help. （后面的动词要用原形）
The British fleet is the instruction of policy rather than of diplomacy. （介词短语）
I prefer to go in July rather than go in August. （后面的动词要用原形）
He came to see me rather than I went to see him. （句子）
The boy preferred playing basketball to staying in the classroom after class.（动名词,后面的动词要用动词 -ing 形式）
Not you but he was to blame for the car accident. （主语, 谓语动词要注意就近原则）
What he sees in the mirror is not his physical self but what he will be like in twenty years. （宾语）
二、形容词比较级，也可起平行的作用
Some of us think it’s better to see the film than to read the book in the original. （不定式）
Better early than late.（副词）
You’d better go home than stay here. （动词, 要用原形）
This is more apparent than real. （形容词）
It was his tone more than what he actually said that discouraged me. （名词）
只要你在作文中活学活用以上平行结构, 一定能为你的高考作文锦上添花。
[作者单位：湖北省武汉市关山中学]
责任编辑：李君
平行结构的基本要求：同等重要的、并列的成分（思想、概念）要用同类的语法结构形式表现。最为常见的语法形式莫过于并列连词了。它们所连接的部分应该是对等的——名词对名词，动词对动词，副词对副词，形容词对形容词，分词对分词，不定式对不定式，句子对句子，切忌把同一结构中的某一个概念用一种形式来表现而把另外的概念用其它形式来表达。
一、主要并列连词及用法
（一）and 类并列连词
and类并列连词主要有and， both... and...， and... as well， as well as， either... or...， neither... nor...， not only... but also...。例如:
In short, changes in our life have brought us comfort and convenience. （名词）
In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming and playing table tennis. （动名词）
I prefer my English classes to be taught in both Chinese and English. （名词）
On July 16th, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed when they saw the wall newspaper. （形容词）
I am going to write a letter to you every other week and do something for you as possible as I can. （动词）
I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. （现在分词）
Of course, I’ll do some reading for fun and for knowledge as well. （介词短语）
To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amount of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. （名词）
The German girl can neither speak nor write German because she lives in China after birth. （动词）
Air is neither a solid and a liquid. （名词）
The speech was given neither by Professor Wang nor by Dr Li. （介词短语）
Neither can theory do without practice, nor can practice do without theory. （动词）
In his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but also understand “why”. （动词）
Protecting our eyesight is not only a personal concern but also a public one. （名词）
Not only were all the flights cancelled but also many trees were delayed. （动词）
（二）or类并列连词
or类并列连词有or, either... or..., whether... or,这类连词，主要表示选择。
You can go there by bus or by bike.（介词短语）
We should not leave the tap water running or waste any materials in the laboratory class. （动词）
It’s also possible that a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping, or maybe you lost it on your way home. （句子）
You can either borrow the dictionary from the library or buy it from the bookshop. （动词）
You can also enjoy yourself at the café drinking tea or coffee in the evening. （名词）
As some old people feel lonely, we may chat with them about their old days, changes of our city or anything they are interested in. （名词, 介宾）
There are only two choices, either you take it or you don’t. （句子）
Whether I rest or not doesn’t matter. （主谓）
His opinion, whether right or wrong, should be taken into consideration. （形容词）
All matter, whether it is solid, liquid or gas, is made up of atoms. （名词）
（三）but类并列连词
but类并列连词主要有 but, however, though等。
The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed heading west. （动词）
Once my parents listened to the radio for news but now they watch TV. （句子）
Last but not least, have enough sleep, which helps our eyes recover from tiredness. （副词）
The task is hard, however we’re determined to finish it. （句子）
The bird was unhappy, though it had enough food and water. （句子）
（四） 其它并列连词
rather than, more... than..., prefer... to..., not... but... 它们的意思是“与其说是……还不如说是……”, “不是……而是……”。
Alice ought to go rather than Mary. （名词）
He did the work by himself rather than ask others for help. （后面的动词要用原形）
The British fleet is the instruction of policy rather than of diplomacy. （介词短语）
I prefer to go in July rather than go in August. （后面的动词要用原形）
He came to see me rather than I went to see him. （句子）
The boy preferred playing basketball to staying in the classroom after class.（动名词,后面的动词要用动词 -ing 形式）
Not you but he was to blame for the car accident. （主语, 谓语动词要注意就近原则）
What he sees in the mirror is not his physical self but what he will be like in twenty years. （宾语）
二、形容词比较级，也可起平行的作用
Some of us think it’s better to see the film than to read the book in the original. （不定式）
Better early than late.（副词）
You’d better go home than stay here. （动词, 要用原形）
This is more apparent than real. （形容词）
It was his tone more than what he actually said that discouraged me. （名词）
只要你在作文中活学活用以上平行结构, 一定能为你的高考作文锦上添花。
[作者单位：湖北省武汉市关山中学]
责任编辑：李君