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胆碱与它的醋酸酯胆碱(Ⅰ)是氢氧化铵的衍生物,铵的三个氢原子被甲基及另一个被羟乙基所代替。它组成了蛋黄素等化合物而广存在生物体内。因为它是食物中不可缺少的成分,也有人把它当作维生素。胆碱的醋酸酯即乙醚胆碱(Ⅱ)是某种神经刺激的化学传导物。罗维氏(Loewi)曾以充满盐液的分离蛙心做试验,用电流剌激它的迷走神经总干,使蛙心博动停止。然后将盐液移入另一蛙心,那蛙心也会停止搏动,后来证明刺激迷走神经产生的并也使第二蛙心停止搏动的物质就是乙醯胆碱。
Choline and its Acetate Choline (I) is a derivative of ammonium hydroxide, the three hydrogen atoms of ammonium being replaced by methyl and the other by hydroxyethyl. It forms a wide range of compounds such as lecithin and living organisms. Because it is an indispensable ingredient in food, some people treat it as a vitamin. Choline acetate, ether choline (II), is a neurotransmitter chemical transmitter. Loewi had experimented with a split frog heart filled with salt solution, stimulating its vagus nerve trunk with electric currents, stopping the heart of the frog. Then the salt solution was moved into the heart of another frog, and the heart of the frog would stop beating. Later, it was proved that the substance that stimulated the vagus nerve and also caused the second frog heart to stop beating was acetylcholine.