历史背景和定义英语Cancer(癌瘤)一词,来自希腊字Karkinos(螃蟹),据信是Hippocrates首先用来表示癌瘤的。他认为癌症是由于黑胆汁过多所致。古人已知癌瘤,希腊和罗马的早年著作中已有描述。5000年前埃及木乃伊中的肿瘤,是现知人类最早的恶性瘤,但恐龙和其它史前动物中,已有发生骨肿瘤的病理学征据。 Kiplin写道:“癌瘤的螃蟹这样宁静地躺在那里,要是你没有注意到它口周羽毛样分枝在不停地蠕动,就可能以为它睡着了。其实这种运动从来也未停止过。像是烧进腐木中的一团幽火,不声不响、消消停停地把腐木吞蚀而尽。”由于在动物肿瘤的病毒病因中的开拓性工作而荣膺诺贝尔奖的 Historical background and definition The English word Cancer is derived from the Greek word Karkinos (Crab) and is believed to be the first expression of Hippocrates for cancer. He believes that cancer is caused by too much black bile. The ancients have known cancerous tumors and have been described in the early writings of Greece and Rome. The tumor in the Egyptian mummy 5,000 years ago was the earliest known human malignant tumor, but dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals have pathological evidence of bone tumors. Kiplin wrote: “The cancerous crab is lying there so quietly that if you don’t notice that its feather-like branches are constantly writhing, you may think it is asleep. In fact, this kind of exercise has never stopped. Like a burning fire in a rotten wood, it silences and destroys the rotten wood.” He won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the viral etiology of animal tumours. of