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目的了解影响云南省楚雄市中学生健康素养水平的因素,为当地开展有针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,应用中国健康教育中心编制的《中国公民健康素养调查问卷》及自制问卷,对云南省楚雄市区8所中学的非毕业年级14 403名中学生进行调查。结果楚雄市中学生达到具备健康素养标准的人群比例是13.5%,城市学生与农村学生相比、汉族学生与其他民族学生相比,其具备健康素养的情况均为前者明显高于后者(P<0.01)。学生中家庭成员有从事医疗卫生工作的,具备健康素养的比例明显高于没有的(P<0.01);学生具备健康素养的水平随着学习成绩的升高而升高(P<0.01);随着父母文化程度的升高而升高(P<0.01);随着家庭平均月收入的升高而升高(P<0.01);父母患有疾病的调查对象,具备健康素养的比例高于父母未患病的,其中父母患慢性病的比患传染病或患遗传病的,具备健康素养的比例高,但该差异不具有统计学意义;听过健康教育讲座的学生,具备健康素养的比例高于没有听过的(P<0.05)。结论影响楚雄市中学生的健康素养的主要因素为居住地、民族、学习成绩、家庭成员从事医疗卫生工作、父母文化程度,以及听健康讲座,当地应针对这些特征对重点人群开展健康教育以促进其健康素养水平的全面提高。
Objective To understand the factors influencing the level of secondary school students’ health literacy in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, and provide the basis for local targeted health education. Methods The cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the 14,403 middle school students in non-senior year in 8 middle schools in Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, using the “Chinese Citizens’ Health Literacy Questionnaire” and self-made questionnaire prepared by China Health Education Center. Results The proportion of middle school students reaching the standard of health literacy in Chuxiong was 13.5%. Compared with rural students, Han students in urban areas had health literacy as compared with other ethnic students (P < 0.01). The proportion of students with healthy family members engaged in health care work was significantly higher than that of no health education (P <0.01). The level of students with health literacy increased with the improvement of school grades (P <0.01) (P <0.01); increased with the increase of family average monthly income (P <0.01); the proportion of parents who had the disease who had health check-up was higher than that of their parents The proportion of non-affected parents with chronic diseases was higher than those with infectious diseases or genetic diseases, and the difference was not statistically significant. Students with health education lectures had a high proportion of healthy students Never heard of (P <0.05). Conclusions The main factors that influence the health literacy of middle school students in Chuxiong are health, ethnicity, academic achievement, family members engaged in medical and health work, parents’ educational level, and health lectures. Local people should focus on these characteristics to promote health education to key population The overall level of health literacy improved.