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目的探讨产妇职业暴露化工毒物对胎儿生长发育的影响。方法选取某化工企业578名孕妇,根据孕妇工作中是否接触低浓度混苯,分为职业暴露组与非暴露组。采用回顾性流行病学调查方法,对妊娠结局和胎儿发育情况进行分析。结果暴露组的孕妇,其新生儿出生体重、身长明显低于对照组体重、身长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组足月产率、早产率、死胎死产率及宫外孕发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。暴露组子代有智力低下3例、先天性心脏病3例,缺陷率为2.04%(6/294),对照组子代未发现有出生缺陷。两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论职业暴露化工毒物对胚胎及胎儿发育有不良影响,应加强防护措施。
Objective To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to chemical toxicants on fetal growth and development. Methods 578 pregnant women in a chemical enterprise were selected and divided into occupational exposure group and non-exposed group according to whether pregnant women were exposed to low-concentration mixed benzene. The retrospective epidemiological investigation method was used to analyze the pregnancy outcome and fetal development. Results Pregnant women in the exposed group had significantly lower birth weight and body length than those in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of full-term birth rate, premature birth rate, stillbirth and ectopic pregnancy (P> 0.05). There were 3 cases of impotence, 3 cases of congenital heart disease, and a defect rate of 2.04% (6/294) in the offspring. There was no birth defects in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Occupational exposure to chemical poisoning has an adverse effect on embryonic and fetal development, and protective measures should be strengthened.