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东北地区的各民族普遍有吸食烟草的习惯,由此形成了一种非常普遍的烟文化。烟草从种到收有着一整套的劳作方法;从储存到吸食有许多程式化的程序和礼节。烟草是媒介,是人和人之间交流的媒介,在旧时东北各族人民的生活中具有交流感情、增加情谊的社会功能;烟草被看成是“良药”,具有驱寒和驱除蚊虫的功能;烟草是娱乐品,吸烟是人们闲来无事用以休闲的主要方式;烟和烟具是财产,拥有烟草烟具的多少和好坏是东北农家财富甚至地位的象征。本文通过历史文献和民族学的调查资料系统地阐述旧时流行于东北地区各个民族的烟文化。
The peoples of Northeast China generally have the habit of smoking tobacco, thus forming a very common culture of tobacco. Tobacco has a set of working methods from planting to harvesting; there are many stylized procedures and etiquette from storage to smoking. Tobacco is a medium, a medium of communication between people, and has the social function of exchanging feelings and increasing friendship in the old life of people of all ethnic groups in Northeast China. Tobacco is regarded as a “good medicine” and has the functions of expelling cold and exterminating mosquitoes Tobacco is a kind of entertainment, smoking is the main way for people to spend their leisure time. Tobacco and smoking articles are property. The number and quality of possession of tobacco and tobacco are symbols of peasant wealth and even status in Northeast China. This article systematically expounds the culture of tobacco popularized by various ethnic groups in northeast China in the past through historical documents and ethnographic data.