一、“现实主义”的概念在文艺理论领域,“现实主义”这一概念随着社会历史的变化而呈现出不同的形态。作为一场具体的文学运动或文学思潮,它指的是19世纪中期到20世纪初期由巴尔扎克、狄更斯、托尔斯泰等为代表的批判现实主义文学。他们相信,作家只要通过客观冷静的描写,就能真实地再现外在世界,并揭示其内在本质。1929至1931年间,前 I. THE CONCEPT OF “REALISM” In the field of literary theory, the concept of “realism” presents different forms with changes in social history. As a specific literary movement or literary trend, it refers to the critical realism literature represented by Balzac, Dickens, Tolstoy et al. From the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. They believe that writers can truly reproduce the external world and reveal their intrinsic essence as long as they objectively and calmly depict them. Between 1929 and 1931, before