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[目的]针对云南常用民族药血满草遗传背景研究少的现状,利用叶绿体DNA分析血满草遗传多样性和遗传背景。[方法]采集5个不同海拔分布的野生血满草居群,通过PCR技术扩增psb A-trn H序列并测序,然后利用生物学软件分析序列特征以及不同野生居群遗传多样性。[结果]血满草psbA-trn H序列长度范围在487~530 bp之间,GC含量为29.12~30.17%。Bioedit软件排列比对后长度为485 bp,其中有45个信息位点,包括1个单碱基缺失、15个点突变、29个同源信息位点。根据该序列,DnaSP软件分析表明血满草多样性(pi)为0.02004,平均变异数目为9.019,构成27个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.997。其中居群1(海拔3 343 m)多样性最高,其次是居群3(海拔3 554m),再次是居群5(海拔3 790 m),最小的为居群2(海拔3 445 m)。居群间的遗传分化系数在0.~0.089之间,居群间的遗传距离在0.013~0.022之间。[结论]不同海拔血满草居群之间遗传分化不明显,远低于异交生物平均水平。另外,谱系分析也表明血满草不同居群之间的系统关系不清晰,与地理分布和海拔分布的关系不明显。该结果可能与血满草为克隆繁殖、高适应能力、种子传播范围广等生活史策略相关。同时也可能是psb A-trn H序列在居群水平上分辨率不够造成。
[Objective] The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic background of Hemibarbus spp. [Method] Five populations of wild Satsuma were collected at different altitudes. The sequence of psb A-trn H was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Then the sequence characteristics and the genetic diversity of different wild populations were analyzed by using biological software. [Result] The sequence length of psbA-trn H in S. purpurea ranged from 487 to 530 bp, with GC content ranging from 29.12 to 30.17%. Bioedit software aligned after the length of 485 bp, of which 45 information sites, including a single base deletion, 15 point mutations, 29 homologous information sites. According to this sequence, DnaSP software analysis showed that the blood full grass diversity (pi) was 0.02004, the average number of mutations was 9.019, constituting 27 haplotypes, haplotype diversity was 0.997. Among them, population 1 (3 343 m above sea level) has the highest diversity, followed by population 3 (3 554 m above sea level), again population 5 (3 790 m above sea level) and population 2 (elevation 4445 m). The coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations was between 0. ~ 0.089, and the genetic distance between populations was 0.013 ~ 0.022. [Conclusion] There was no obvious difference in genetic differentiation between the populations of S. mandshurica at different altitudes, which was much lower than the average level of heterosexual organisms. In addition, the pedigree analysis also shows that the systematic relationship between different populations of Hymenoptera is not clear, and the relationship with the geographical distribution and altitude distribution is not obvious. This result may be related to the strategy of life history such as clonal propagation, high adaptability and wide range of seed propagation. At the same time may also be psb A-trn H sequence at the population level resolution is not enough.