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改革开放30年,如果说有哪一家世界500强公司还没有来到中国,那么它毫无疑问已经落后其竞争对手很多了。回顾跨国公司进入中国市场的历程,可以清晰地看到三次浪潮:1979-1992年,主要进行商品贸易、技术贸易,进行少量试验性直接投资;1993-2001年,开始大规模地进入中国的制造业领域;2001年以后,调整与扩张并举,全面进入中国市场。第一次浪潮的典型代表之一是可口可乐公司,当时其进入中国市场的初衷非常简单:通过与中粮集团合作,将可口可乐卖到中国来,但只是为了满足在中国的外国游客和已经居住在中国的外国人对可乐的需求。那时的它还完全没有奢望拥有今天在中国市场的地位。这一次浪潮中,惠普,施耐德电气和爱普生分别是走在了前面的美,欧、日跨国公司的典型代表,它们从一开始就确定了更为全面的长期生产投资发展战略。
30 years of reform and opening up, if there is a world of top 500 companies have not yet come to China, then it no doubt has lagged behind its competitors a lot. Reviewing the history of multinationals entering the Chinese market, three waves can be clearly seen: From 1979 to 1992, they conducted mainly commodity trade and technology trade and conducted a small amount of experimental direct investment. From 1993-2001, they began to make large-scale manufacturing in China Industry; after 2001, adjust and expand simultaneously and fully enter the Chinese market. One of the first representatives of the wave was Coca-Cola Company. Its original intention to enter the Chinese market was very simple. By cooperating with COFCO, Coca-Cola was sold to China only to satisfy foreign tourists in China and those already living in China The foreigners’ need for cola. At that time it also did not expect to have today in the Chinese market position. In this wave, Hewlett-Packard, Schneider Electric and Epson are the typical representatives of the leading multinational corporations in the United States, Europe and Japan respectively. From the very beginning, they have determined a more comprehensive long-term strategy for investment in production development.