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本研究以长条形黄瓜‘二早子’为母本,短棒形黄瓜‘NC-76’为父本,及其构建的F1、F2共四个世代的遗传群体为研究材料,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析黄瓜果形的遗传特性。结果表明:在F2分离群体中,瓜长和果形指数两个性状均呈连续变异和正态分布,表明两性状均为多基因控制的数量遗传;瓜长性状的遗传符合2对加性-显主基因(B-2)模型,果形指数的遗传符合加性-显性-上位性多基因(C-0)模型;控制瓜长性状的两对主基因以加性效应为主,两者之间的加性效应相差不大,第一主基因存在负显性效应为-3.033,第二主基因显性正效应较小,为0.123,主基因遗传率为88.09%;控制果形指数性状为多基因遗传,遗传率为23.26%;瓜长受环境影响较小,而果型指数受环境影响较大,两者的环境方差占表现方差的比例分别为11.91%和76.74%。
In this study, the long-shaped cucumber ’second morning son’ as the female parent, short rod-shaped cucumber ’NC-76’ as the male parent and its constructed F1, F2 four generations of genetic groups as the research materials, + Multi-gene Mixed Genetic Model to Analyze the Genetic Characteristics of Cucumber Fruit Shape. The results showed that in F2 segregating population, the two characters of melon length and fruit shape index showed continuous variation and normal distribution, which indicated that both traits were controlled by polygenes. The inheritance of melon and long traits accorded with 2 pairs of additive - The dominant gene (B-2) model, the fruit shape index is in line with the additive-dominance-epistatic polygene (C-0) model; There was no significant difference between the additive effect of the first major gene, negative dominant effect of the first major gene was -3.033, second positive gene of the second major gene was 0.123, the major gene heritability was 88.09% The trait was polygenic. The heritability was 23.26%. The melon length was less affected by the environment, while the fruit type index was greatly affected by the environment. The ratio of environmental variance to performance variance was 11.91% and 76.74% respectively.