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围食膜(peritrophic membrane,PM)是无脊椎动物消化道特有的一种半透性膜状结构。昆虫的PM是由中肠上皮细胞分泌形成的一层由蛋白质、多糖和几丁质微纤维组成的蛋白质多糖基质膜,它将食物和中肠上皮细胞分隔开。昆虫的PM有Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型2种类型。Ⅰ型PM是由整个中肠细胞分泌形成的层状管状膜,可以从整个中肠完全剥离,在某些情况下,可能只在被饲喂食物和摄下食物时形成。Ⅱ型PM是由中肠前部特异性区域贲门处的特殊细胞分泌形成的连续的套筒状膜,且一直存在。处于食物与中肠上皮细胞之间的PM可以保护中肠上皮细胞免受机械损伤以及病原菌和毒素的入侵,并作为半透性膜将中肠分为不同的区室在营养物质的消化和吸收等方面起重要作用。本文综述了有关昆虫PM的结构、组分、功能以及与害虫防治的关系等方面的研究进展。
Peritrophic membrane (PM) is a semi-permeable membranous structure unique to the digestive tract of invertebrates. Insect PM is a proteoglycan matrix membrane consisting of protein, polysaccharide and chitin microfibers secreted by the midgut epithelial cells that separates food from the midgut epithelial cells. There are two types of insect PM, type I and type II. Type I PM is a lamellar tubular membrane secreted by the entire midgut cell that can completely peel off the entire midgut and in some cases may only form when fed and taken. Type II PM is a continuous sleeve-like membrane that is secreted by special cells at the cardia of the anterior region of the midgut and remains present. PM between the food and the midgut epithelial cells protects the midgut epithelial cells against mechanical damage and the intrusion of pathogenic bacteria and toxins and separates the midgut as a semi-permeable membrane into different compartments for digestion and absorption of nutrients Etc. play an important role. This review summarizes the research progress on the structure, composition and function of insect PMs and their relationship with pest control.