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目的分析江西省赣州市农村饮用水水质卫生状况及其影响因素,为政府相关部门决策提供参考依据。方法采用统一调查表于2011-2014年分别对赣州市部分县农村饮用水基本情况进行调查,并依据《生活饮用水标准检验方法》分别于枯水期和丰水期采集水样开展20项指标检测,结果对照《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行水质评价。结果 2011-2014年,农村分散式供水覆盖人口比例分别为71.81%、58.00%、50.95%、61.90%,水处理方式为完全处理水厂数分别为3.43%、2.51%、3.31%、2.88%,农村饮用水水质合格率分别为30.97%、18.04%、30.60%、23.60%。枯、丰水期合格率分别为25.83%和24.31%,差异无统计学意义;出厂水、末梢水合格率分别为26.66%和23.55%,差异有统计学意义。总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数、浑浊度超标率分别为66.05%、59.22%、16.28%、15.60%。结论赣州市农村以分散式供水方式为主,多数集中式供水厂工艺简易;饮用水水质合格率低,主要是因为微生物指标超标。
Objective To analyze the health status of rural drinking water in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province and its influencing factors, and provide references for the government decision-making. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the basic situation of rural drinking water in some counties of Ganzhou in 2011-2014. According to the standard test method of domestic drinking water, 20 indexes were collected during the dry season and wet season to collect water samples, The results of control “drinking water health standards” for water quality evaluation. Results From 2011 to 2014, the proportion of decentralized water supply in rural areas was 71.81%, 58.00%, 50.95% and 61.90% respectively. The number of completely treated water treatment plants was 3.43%, 2.51%, 3.31% and 2.88% respectively, Rural drinking water quality pass rates were 30.97%, 18.04%, 30.60%, 23.60%. The passing rates of dry and wet seasons were 25.83% and 24.31%, respectively, with no significant difference. The passing rate of ex-factory water and terminal water were 26.66% and 23.55%, respectively, with significant differences. Total coliforms, coliform heat, colony, turbidity exceeding the standard rates were 66.05%, 59.22%, 16.28%, 15.60%. Conclusion Most of the rural areas in Ganzhou are distributed water supply. The majority of centralized water supply plants have a simple process. The low pass rate of drinking water quality is mainly due to the exceeding of the indicators of microorganisms.