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[目的]了解近年煤工尘肺的流行特点和发展趋势,为卫生行政部门的职业卫生监督管理和职业病防治机构有针对性的开展防治工作提供依据。[方法]对所建立的职业病诊断档案中用人单位或劳动者提供的诊断申请、职业健康检查表、职业病诊断过程纪录中煤工尘肺病例的单位、年龄、工种、接尘时间、诊断日期、高仟伏X线胸片分期及小阴影形态和大小、期别、合并症、自觉症状、肺功能检查结果及使用防护用品情况等项目进行统计和分析。[结果]568例煤工尘肺病例工种分布以主采煤工为主,其次为主掘进工和煤矿混合工;年龄31～85岁、平均年龄大于50岁。工龄最短的为0.5年,最长的45年,平均工龄16年以上;61.62%的病例主诉有呼吸系统症状,4.23%的病例并发活动性肺结核,3.70%的病例并发肺气肿;47.91%的病例肺通气功能下降。煤工尘肺病例X线表现q影占71.26%,有92.60%的病例在工作时不戴口罩。[结论]对近年煤工尘肺的流行趋势及煤矿企业职业病防治现状有了进一步的了解。对于开展煤工尘肺的专项防治工作提供了第一手的资料。
[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics and development trend of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in recent years and provide the basis for occupational health supervision and management of occupational health departments and prevention and control work of occupational disease prevention organizations targetedly. [Methods] The diagnosis, occupational health checklist, occupational health checklist, unit of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis cases, age, type of work, dust collection time, diagnosis date, high Thousands of thousands of X-ray chest staging and small shadow shape and size, period, complications, symptoms, pulmonary function test results and the use of protective equipment and other items for statistical analysis. [Results] The main types of workers in 568 coal worker pneumoconiosis cases were mainly coal miners, followed by the main diggers and coal miners. The ages ranged from 31 to 85 years and the average age was over 50 years. The shortest length of service was 0.5 years and the longest 45 years with an average length of 16 years or more. 61.62% of the patients reported respiratory symptoms, 4.23% had active pulmonary tuberculosis, 3.70% had emphysema, 47.91% Cases of pulmonary ventilation decreased. Coal workers pneumoconiosis X-ray showed q shadow accounted for 71.26%, 92.60% of cases do not wear masks at work. [Conclusion] The author has got a better understanding of the epidemic trend of coal worker ’s pneumoconiosis in recent years and the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in coal mines. For coal miners to carry out the work of special prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis provided first-hand information.