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第一次世界大战期间,德国攻占了比利时和法国的部分地区,为更好地控制该地区,开始对当地民众进行战争宣传。尽管一战海上战场的重要性远低于陆上战场,但在选择占领区的法语宣传重点时,德军选择了英国海军而非其他国家的陆军,并集中大量地报道了海上战争的情况,以推动法国民众的反英情绪。过去的研究鲜少讨论德国占领区的历史,对其宣传策略关注更少。因此本文研究德占区最有影响力的报纸《阿登省报》宣传英国海军和海上战役的案例,来展现其宣传策略、手段和影响便有了重要的意义。首先介绍了这份在德占区极有影响力的报纸的创刊过程。德军占领法国部分地区后试图发展当地的通讯和媒体以协助占领,但遇到本地民众的抵抗。1915年,来自阿尔萨斯的记者勒内·普雷沃加入了预算充裕的《阿登省报》的编辑团队,其工作经验和娴熟的写作能力大大提升了该报的社会接受度。其次分析了该报为何会选择英国海军作为激起被占领区民众认同感的原因,由此造成了怎样的长期和短期的后果。对德军而言,必须要解决的宣传困境是如何在抹黑英国海军的同时,为自己的海上战争行为辩护。最后举例说明了这一宣传困境。
During World War I, Germany captured parts of Belgium and France and, to better control the area, began to war propaganda on the ground. Although the importance of WWI battlefields was much lower than that of land-based battlefields, the Germans chose the British Navy rather than the armed forces of other countries when focusing on French propaganda in the occupied territories and concentrated heavily on the maritime wars Promote the anti-British sentiment of the French people. Past research rarely discussed the history of German occupation and paid less attention to its propaganda strategy. Therefore, this article studies the case of the Propaganda Department’s most influential newspaper “Ardennes newspaper” propagating the British Navy and the Maritime Campaign to show its propaganda tactics, methods and effects. First introduced the launch of this very influential newspaper in the German region. After occupying parts of France, the Germans attempted to develop local communications and media to assist the occupation, but encountered resistance from the local people. In 1915, René Preto, a reporter from Alsace, joined the editorial team of the well-budgeted Ardennes newspaper. His work experience and skillful writing greatly enhanced the newspaper’s social acceptance. Secondly, it analyzes what causes the long-term and short-term consequences of why the newspaper chose the British navy as a reason to arouse popular identity in the occupied territories. For the Germans, the plight of propaganda that must be solved is how to justify their own maritime war while discrediting the British Navy. Finally, an example of this publicity dilemma.