[Objective] To study the development, prevention and cure of diabetes mellitus, we established the experimental diabetic animal models by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced in rhesus monkeys. This disease animal model is useful for evaluation of security and effectivity of treating diabetic disease drugs. [Methods] Nine mature male rhesus monkeys were be randomly assigned three groups (1 animal, high-dosage group, 60mg/kg STZ; 3 animals, mid-dosage group, 45mg/kg STZ; 3 animals, low-dosage group, 30mg/kg STZ, and 2 animals in control group ), the experimental animals were injected intravenously with different doses of STZ. For diabetic monkeys, to test water intake、food intake and urine every day, to test body weight, blood glucose, urine glucose every week, to test TG、Chol、HDL、GHb、insulin、C-peptide、biochemical index of urine and IV-GTT (Intravenous glucose tolerance test) every month,and to detect clinical index of diabetic monkeys and the development of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic animals were observed the pathological changes of eyeground.and histopathological observation of their heart, kidney, pancreas and spleen. [Results] The seven animals in experimental groups compared with two animals in control group, which showed the same clinical features as those of diabetes mellitus patients at a different time and extent, such as polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperglycemia, hyperglycosuria and body weight loss. The 7/9 animals insulin and C- peptide were reduced obviously, but the clinical characteristics in 7/9 animals were lighten and controlled by using insulin, especially the animal clinical symptoms of mid-dosage and high-dosage of STZ were more obvious than those in low-dosage group animals . The body weight in low-dosage group animals rose in a short time, then dropped rapidly. Plasma glucose and glycosuria of animals in experimental groups were increased with STZ injection, especially, which of the animals in mid-dosage and high--dosage group varied obviously. All clinical characteristics and histopathological study in 7/9 animals showed obviously diabetic disease after STZ-inducing. All of 7/9 the animals were induced animal models of the Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and the state of chronic hyperglycemia (SCH), these diabetic monkeys had long-term higher preprandial plasma glucose, they showed tiny blood vessel dilation in eyeground, early retinal hemorrhage dot, tiny angioma and cataract, They were resulted in different extent diabetic retinopathy after inducing STZ among 63-91day. [Conclusion] The study showed that rhesus monkeys were resulted in IDDM disease animal model after STZ-inducing, otherwise, the rhesus monkeys were induced with 60mg/kg and 45 mg/kg STZ, they resulted in rapidly diabetes mellitus animal model, which clinical characteristic resembled human IDDM disease. The rhesus monkeys were induced with 30mg/kg STZ, they resulted in animal model of diabetic retinopathy complication disease after 2-3 months, it was useful on studying the mechanism of diabetes mellitus and it’s complication, meanwhile it was significant for observing the effective, safety of the diabetic drugs instead of human being. [Objective] To study the development, prevention and cure of diabetes mellitus, we established the experimental diabetic animal models by streptozotocin (STZ) -induced in rhesus monkeys. This disease animal model is useful for evaluating of security and effectivity of treating diabetic disease drugs [Methods] Nine mature male rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned three groups (1 animal, high-dosage group, 60 mg / kg STZ; 3 animals, mid- dosage group, 45 mg / kg STZ; 30 mg / kg STZ, and 2 animals in control group), the experimental animals were injected intravenously with different doses of STZ. For diabetic monkeys, to test water intake, food intake and urine every day, to test body weight, blood glucose, urine glucose every week, to test TG, Chol, HDL, GHb, insulin, C-peptide, biochemical index of urine and IV- GTT (intravenous glucose tolerance test) every month, and to detect clinical index of diabetic monkeys and the development of diabetes mellitus diabetic animals were observed the pathological changes of eyeground. and histopathological observations of their heart, kidney, pancreas and spleen. [Results] The seven animals in experimental groups compared with two animals in control group, which showed the same clinical features of those of diabetes mellitus patients at a different time and extent, such as polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperglycemia, hyperglycosuria and body weight loss. The 7/9 animals insulin and C-peptide were reduced obviously, but the clinical characteristics in 7/9 animals were lighten and controlled by using insulin, especially the animal clinical symptoms of mid-dosage and high-dosage of STZ were more obvious than those in low-dosage group animals. The body weight in low-dosage group animals rose in a short time, and dropped rapidly. Plasma glucose and glycosuria of animals in experimental groups were increased with STZ injection, especially, which of the animals in mid-dosage and high - dosage group varied obviously. All clinical characteristics and histopathological studies in 7/9 animals showed overt diabetic disease after STZ-inducing. All of 7/9 the animals were induced animal models of the Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and the state of chronic hyperglycemia (SCH ), These diabetic monkeys had long-term higher preprandial plasma glucose, they showed tiny blood vessel dilation in eyeground, early retinal hemorrhage dot, tiny angioma and cataract, They were resulted in different extent diabetic retinopathy after inducing STZ among 63-91 days. [ Conclusion] The study showed that rhesus monkeys were induced in IDDM disease animal model after STZ-inducing, otherwise, the rhesus monkeys were induced with 60 mg / kg and 45 mg / kg STZ, they resulted in rapid diabetes mellitus animal model, which clinical characteristic Resembled human IDDM disease. The rhesus monkeys were induced with 30 mg / kg STZ, they resulted in animal model of diabetic retinopathy complication disease after 2-3 months, it was useful on studying the mechanism of diabetes mellitus and it’s complication, meanwhile it was significant for observing the effective, safety of the diabetic drugs instead of human being.