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为了提高和保持较高海拔的干旱和半干旱地区的生产力及生产潜力,印度通过适当的生产和保护措施,起动了流域开发项目。其目的是满足农业区对粮食、燃料、原料和木材的需求并减轻对天然林的压力。鉴于地区落后的自然资源基础和种植、提高收入水平的潜力,流域开发项目被印度发展计划优先考虑并得到大量捐助机构的赞助。本文对印度卡纳塔克流域开发项目的社会成本效益进行了评价。应用交潜生存力方法即净现值(NPV)、效益成本比率(BCR)、内部收益率(IIR)和精密的检测以及敏感性分析,结果表明如果期待的全部效益被实现,那么流域项目的效益是很高的,其内部收益率变动范围为19%～96%。但如果期待的全部效益以25%下跌,将对项目的净成本(包括以前村民在退化林地和乡村较早自由放牧的土地上建立社区林地的放牧效益的机会成本)产生损失。如果包括某些未调查的社区林地的直接效益和自然环境的其它间接效益,这些损失甚至可以忽略。本文研究结果表明,为改善印度干旱和半干旱地区的经济状况和生态条件而起动的流域开发项目在经济上是可行的,符合社会的需要。
In order to improve and maintain the productivity and production potential of arid and semi-arid areas at higher altitudes, India initiated basin development projects through appropriate production and conservation measures. Its purpose is to meet the agricultural sector’s demand for food, fuel, raw materials and timber and to reduce the pressure on natural forests. In view of the backward natural resource base of the region and its potential to grow and raise incomes, river basin development projects are prioritized by the Indian Development Plan and are sponsored by a large number of donor agencies. This article assesses the social cost-effectiveness of Karnataka Basin development projects in India. Applying the existential viability method, NPV, BCR, IIR and precision testing, and sensitivity analysis, the results show that if all the benefits expected are realized, Benefit is very high, the internal rate of return range of 19% to 96%. However, a 25% decline in the full expected benefit would result in a loss of net project costs, including the cost of opportunity for former villagers to establish grazing benefits for communal woodlands in degraded woodlands and pastoral grazing in rural areas. These losses are even negligible if they include the direct benefits of some of the uninvestigated community woodlands and other indirect benefits to the natural environment. The results of this study show that watershed development projects started to improve the economic and ecological conditions in arid and semi-arid regions of India are economically viable and meet the needs of the community.